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.\"- .\" Copyright (c) 2008 The FreeBSD Foundation .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" This software was developed by CK Software GmbH under sponsorship .\" from the FreeBSD Foundation. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/share/man/man4/epair.4 235578 2012-05-18 00:55:47Z gjb $ .\" .Dd July 26, 2009 .Dt EPAIR 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm epair .Nd A pair of virtual back-to-back connected Ethernet interfaces .Sh SYNOPSIS To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following line in your kernel configuration file: .Bd -ragged -offset indent .Cd "device epair" .Ed .Pp Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in .Xr loader.conf 5 : .Bd -literal -offset indent if_epair_load="YES" .Ed .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm is a pair of Ethernet-like software interfaces, which are connected back-to-back with a virtual cross-over cable. .Pp Each .Nm interface pair is created at runtime using interface cloning. This is most easily done with the .Xr ifconfig 8 .Cm create command or using the .Va cloned_interfaces variable in .Xr rc.conf 5 . While for cloning you only give either .Pa epair or .Pa epair<n> the .Nm pair will be named like .Pa epair<n>[ab] . This means the names of the first .Nm interfaces will be .Pa epair0a and .Pa epair0b . .Pp Like any other Ethernet interface, an .Nm needs to have a network address. Each .Nm will be assigned a locally administered address by default, that is only guaranteed to be unique within one network stack. To change the default addresses one may use the SIOCSIFADDR ioctl(2) or ifconfig(8) utility. .Pp The basic intend is to provide connectivity between two virtual network stack instances. When connected to a .Xr if_bridge 4 one end of the interface pair can also be part of another (virtual) LAN. As with any other Ethernet interface one can configure .Xr vlan 4 support on top of it. .Pp .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr ioctl 2 , .Xr altq 4 , .Xr bpf 4 , .Xr if_bridge 4 , .Xr vlan 4 , .Xr loader.conf 5 , .Xr rc.conf 5 , .Xr ifconfig 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm interface first appeared in .Fx 8.0 . .Sh AUTHORS The .Nm interface was written by .An Bjoern A. Zeeb, CK Software GmbH, under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.