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<title>Starting Apache</title>
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<h3>Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3</h3>
<p><small><em>Is this the version you want? For more recent
versions, check our <a href="/docs/">documentation
index</a>.</em></small></p>
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<h1 align="CENTER">Starting Apache</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#windows">Starting Apache on Windows</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#unix">Starting Apache on Unix</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
<li><a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
<li><a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2><a id="windows" name="windows">Starting Apache On
Windows</a></h2>
<p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows
NT, or as a console application on Windows 95. This does not
apply in its full extend for the Cygwin platform. For details,
see <a href="windows.html#run">running Apache for
Windows</a>.</p>
<h2><a id="unix" name="unix">Starting Apache on Unix</a></h2>
<p>On Unix, the <a href="programs/httpd.html">httpd</a> program
is run as a daemon which executes continuously in the
background to handle requests. It is possible to have Apache
invoked by the Internet daemon <code>inetd</code> each time a
connection to the HTTP service is made using the <a
href="mod/core.html#servertype">ServerType</a> directive, but
this is not recommended.</p>
<p>If the <a href="mod/core.html#port">Port</a> specified in
the configuration file is the default of 80 (or any other port
below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
order to start Apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
port. Once the server has started and completed a few
preliminary activities such as opening its log files, it will
launch several <em>child</em> processes which do the work of
listening for and answering requests from clients. The main
<code>httpd</code> process continues to run as the root user,
but the child processes run as a less privileged user. This is
controlled by Apache's <a
href="server-wide.html#process">process creation
directives</a>.</p>
<p>The first thing that <code>httpd</code> does when it is
invoked is to locate and read the <a
href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
<code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
<blockquote>
<code>/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -f
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf</code>
</blockquote>
<p>As an alternative to invoking the <code>httpd</code> binary
directly, a shell script called <a
href="programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a> is provided which
can be used to control the daemon process with simple commands
such as <code>apachectl start</code> and <code>apachectl
stop</code>.</p>
<p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
the test page in the <a
href="mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a> directory
and the local copy of the documentation linked from that
page.</p>
<h3><a id="errors" name="errors">Errors During
Start-up</a></h3>
<p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
write a message describing the problem either to the console or
to the <a href="mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a> before
exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
either:</p>
<ul>
<li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
logged in as the root user; or</li>
<li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
port.</li>
</ul>
<p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
Apache <a href="misc/FAQ.html">FAQ</a>.</p>
<h3><a id="boot" name="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h3>
<p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
reboot, you should add a call to <code>httpd</code> or
<code>apachectl</code> to your system startup files (typically
<code>rc.local</code> or a file in an <code>rc.N</code>
directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this
ensure that your server is properly configured for security and
access restrictions. The <code>apachectl</code> script is
designed so that it can often be linked directly as an init
script, but be sure to check the exact requirements of your
system.</p>
<h3><a id="info" name="info">Additional Information</a></h3>
<p>Additional information about the command-line options of <a
href="programs/httpd.html">httpd</a> and <a
href="programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a> as well as other
support programs included with the server is available on the
<a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
There is also documentation on all the <a
href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
provide.</p>
<hr />
<h3 align="CENTER">Apache HTTP Server</h3>
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