config root man

.\" Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Joseph Koshy.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/lib/libpmc/pmc.k7.3 236238 2012-05-29 14:50:21Z fabient $
.\"
.Dd October 4, 2008
.Dt PMC.K7 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pmc.k7
.Nd measurement events for
.Tn AMD
.Tn Athlon
(K7 family) CPUs
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libpmc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In pmc.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
AMD K7 PMCs are present in the
.Tn "AMD Athlon"
series of CPUs and are documented in:
.Rs
.%B "AMD Athlon Processor x86 Code Optimization Guide"
.%N "Publication No. 22007"
.%D "February 2002"
.%Q "Advanced Micro Devices, Inc."
.Re
.Ss PMC Features
AMD K7 PMCs are 48 bits wide.
Each K7 CPU contains 4 PMCs with the following capabilities:
.Bl -column "PMC_CAP_INTERRUPT" "Support"
.It Em Capability Ta Em Support
.It PMC_CAP_CASCADE Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_EDGE Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_INTERRUPT Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_INVERT Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_READ Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_PRECISE Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_SYSTEM Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_TAGGING Ta \&No
.It PMC_CAP_THRESHOLD Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_USER Ta Yes
.It PMC_CAP_WRITE Ta Yes
.El
.Ss Event Qualifiers
.Pp
Event specifiers for AMD K7 PMCs can have the following optional
qualifiers:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li count= Ns Ar value
Configure the counter to increment only if the number of configured
events measured in a cycle is greater than or equal to
.Ar value .
.It Li edge
Configure the counter to only count negated-to-asserted transitions
of the conditions expressed by the other qualifiers.
In other words, the counter will increment only once whenever a given
condition becomes true, irrespective of the number of clocks during
which the condition remains true.
.It Li inv
Invert the sense of comparison when the
.Dq Li count
qualifier is present, making the counter to increment when the
number of events per cycle is less than the value specified by
the
.Dq Li count
qualifier.
.It Li os
Configure the PMC to count events happening at privilege level 0.
.It Li unitmask= Ns Ar mask
This qualifier is used to further qualify a select few events,
.Dq Li k7-dc-refills-from-l2 ,
.Dq Li k7-dc-refills-from-system
and
.Dq Li k7-dc-writebacks .
Here
.Ar mask
is a string of the following characters optionally separated by
.Ql +
characters:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Li m
Count operations for lines in the
.Dq Modified
state.
.It Li o
Count operations for lines in the
.Dq Owner
state.
.It Li e
Count operations for lines in the
.Dq Exclusive
state.
.It Li s
Count operations for lines in the
.Dq Shared
state.
.It Li i
Count operations for lines in the
.Dq Invalid
state.
.El
.Pp
If no
.Dq Li unitmask
qualifier is specified, the default is to count events for caches
lines in any of the above states.
.It Li usr
Configure the PMC to count events occurring at privilege levels 1, 2
or 3.
.El
.Pp
If neither of the
.Dq Li os
or
.Dq Li usr
qualifiers were specified, the default is to enable both.
.Ss AMD K7 Event Specifiers
The event specifiers supported on AMD K7 PMCs are:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Li k7-dc-accesses
.Pq Event 40H
Count data cache accesses.
.It Li k7-dc-misses
.Pq Event 41H
Count data cache misses.
.It Li k7-dc-refills-from-l2 Op Li ,unitmask= Ns Ar mask
.Pq Event 42H
Count data cache refills from L2 cache.
This event may be further qualified using the
.Dq Li unitmask
qualifier.
.It Li k7-dc-refills-from-system Op Li ,unitmask= Ns Ar mask
.Pq Event 43H
Count data cache refills from system memory.
This event may be further qualified using the
.Dq Li unitmask
qualifier.
.It Li k7-dc-writebacks Op Li ,unitmask= Ns Ar mask
.Pq Event 44H
Count data cache writebacks.
This event may be further qualified using the
.Dq Li unitmask
qualifier.
.It Li k7-hardware-interrupts
.Pq Event CFH
Count the number of taken hardware interrupts.
.It Li k7-ic-fetches
.Pq Event 80H
Count instruction cache fetches.
.It Li k7-ic-misses
.Pq Event 81H
Count instruction cache misses.
.It Li k7-interrupts-masked-cycles
.Pq Event CDH
Count the number of cycles when the processor's
.Va IF
flag was zero.
.It Li k7-interrupts-masked-while-pending-cycles
.Pq Event CEH
Count the number of cycles interrupts were masked while pending due
to the processor's
.Va IF
flag being zero.
.It Li k7-l1-and-l2-dtlb-misses
.Pq Event 46H
Count L1 and L2 DTLB misses.
.It Li k7-l1-dtlb-miss-and-l2-dtlb-hits
.Pq Event 45H
Count L1 DTLB misses and L2 DTLB hits.
.It Li k7-l1-itlb-misses
.Pq Event 84H
Count L1 ITLB misses that are L2 ITLB hits.
.It Li k7-l1-l2-itlb-misses
.Pq Event 85H
Count L1 (and L2) ITLB misses.
.It Li k7-misaligned-references
.Pq Event 47H
Count misaligned data references.
.It Li k7-retired-branches
.Pq Event C2H
Count all retired branches (conditional, unconditional, exceptions
and interrupts).
.It Li k7-retired-branches-mispredicted
.Pq Event C3H
Count all mispredicted retired branches.
.It Li k7-retired-far-control-transfers
.Pq Event C6H
Count retired far control transfers.
.It Li k7-retired-instructions
.Pq Event C0H
Count all retired instructions.
.It Li k7-retired-ops
.Pq Event C1H
Count retired ops.
.It Li k7-retired-resync-branches
.Pq Event C7H
Count retired resync branches (non control transfer branches).
.It Li k7-retired-taken-branches
.Pq Event C4H
Count retired taken branches.
.It Li k7-retired-taken-branches-mispredicted
.Pq Event C5H
Count mispredicted taken branches that were retired.
.El
.Ss Event Name Aliases
The following table shows the mapping between the PMC-independent
aliases supported by
.Lb libpmc
and the underlying hardware events used.
.Bl -column "branch-mispredicts" "Description"
.It Em Alias Ta Em Event
.It Li branches Ta Li k7-retired-branches
.It Li branch-mispredicts Ta Li k7-retired-branches-mispredicted
.It Li dc-misses Ta Li k7-dc-misses
.It Li ic-misses Ta Li k7-ic-misses
.It Li instructions Ta Li k7-retired-instructions
.It Li interrupts Ta Li k7-hardware-interrupts
.It Li unhalted-cycles Ta (unsupported)
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pmc 3 ,
.Xr pmc.atom 3 ,
.Xr pmc.core 3 ,
.Xr pmc.core2 3 ,
.Xr pmc.iaf 3 ,
.Xr pmc.k8 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p4 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p5 3 ,
.Xr pmc.p6 3 ,
.Xr pmc.soft 3 ,
.Xr pmc.tsc 3 ,
.Xr pmclog 3 ,
.Xr hwpmc 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm pmc
library first appeared in
.Fx 6.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Lb libpmc
library was written by
.An "Joseph Koshy"
.Aq jkoshy@FreeBSD.org .