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| Current File : //compat/linux/proc/self/root/usr/src/sys/cddl/boot/zfs/zfssubr.c |
/*
* CDDL HEADER START
*
* The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
* Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
*
* You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
* or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions
* and limitations under the License.
*
* When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
* file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
* If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
* fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
* information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
*
* CDDL HEADER END
*/
/*
* Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* Use is subject to license terms.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/sys/cddl/boot/zfs/zfssubr.c 227705 2011-11-19 10:49:03Z pjd $");
static uint64_t zfs_crc64_table[256];
#define ECKSUM 666
#define ASSERT(...) do { } while (0)
#define ASSERT3U(...) do { } while (0)
#define ASSERT3S(...) do { } while (0)
#define panic(...) do { \
printf(__VA_ARGS__); \
for (;;) ; \
} while (0)
#define kmem_alloc(size, flag) zfs_alloc((size))
#define kmem_free(ptr, size) zfs_free((ptr), (size))
static void
zfs_init_crc(void)
{
int i, j;
uint64_t *ct;
/*
* Calculate the crc64 table (used for the zap hash
* function).
*/
if (zfs_crc64_table[128] != ZFS_CRC64_POLY) {
memset(zfs_crc64_table, 0, sizeof(zfs_crc64_table));
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
for (ct = zfs_crc64_table + i, *ct = i, j = 8; j > 0; j--)
*ct = (*ct >> 1) ^ (-(*ct & 1) & ZFS_CRC64_POLY);
}
}
static void
zio_checksum_off(const void *buf, uint64_t size, zio_cksum_t *zcp)
{
ZIO_SET_CHECKSUM(zcp, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
/*
* Signature for checksum functions.
*/
typedef void zio_checksum_t(const void *data, uint64_t size, zio_cksum_t *zcp);
/*
* Information about each checksum function.
*/
typedef struct zio_checksum_info {
zio_checksum_t *ci_func[2]; /* checksum function for each byteorder */
int ci_correctable; /* number of correctable bits */
int ci_eck; /* uses zio embedded checksum? */
int ci_dedup; /* strong enough for dedup? */
const char *ci_name; /* descriptive name */
} zio_checksum_info_t;
#include "fletcher.c"
#include "sha256.c"
static zio_checksum_info_t zio_checksum_table[ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS] = {
{{NULL, NULL}, 0, 0, 0, "inherit"},
{{NULL, NULL}, 0, 0, 0, "on"},
{{zio_checksum_off, zio_checksum_off}, 0, 0, 0, "off"},
{{zio_checksum_SHA256, zio_checksum_SHA256}, 1, 1, 0, "label"},
{{zio_checksum_SHA256, zio_checksum_SHA256}, 1, 1, 0, "gang_header"},
{{fletcher_2_native, fletcher_2_byteswap}, 0, 1, 0, "zilog"},
{{fletcher_2_native, fletcher_2_byteswap}, 0, 0, 0, "fletcher2"},
{{fletcher_4_native, fletcher_4_byteswap}, 1, 0, 0, "fletcher4"},
{{zio_checksum_SHA256, zio_checksum_SHA256}, 1, 0, 1, "SHA256"},
{{fletcher_4_native, fletcher_4_byteswap}, 0, 1, 0, "zillog2"},
};
/*
* Common signature for all zio compress/decompress functions.
*/
typedef size_t zio_compress_func_t(void *src, void *dst,
size_t s_len, size_t d_len, int);
typedef int zio_decompress_func_t(void *src, void *dst,
size_t s_len, size_t d_len, int);
/*
* Information about each compression function.
*/
typedef struct zio_compress_info {
zio_compress_func_t *ci_compress; /* compression function */
zio_decompress_func_t *ci_decompress; /* decompression function */
int ci_level; /* level parameter */
const char *ci_name; /* algorithm name */
} zio_compress_info_t;
#include "lzjb.c"
#include "zle.c"
/*
* Compression vectors.
*/
static zio_compress_info_t zio_compress_table[ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS] = {
{NULL, NULL, 0, "inherit"},
{NULL, NULL, 0, "on"},
{NULL, NULL, 0, "uncompressed"},
{NULL, lzjb_decompress, 0, "lzjb"},
{NULL, NULL, 0, "empty"},
{NULL, NULL, 1, "gzip-1"},
{NULL, NULL, 2, "gzip-2"},
{NULL, NULL, 3, "gzip-3"},
{NULL, NULL, 4, "gzip-4"},
{NULL, NULL, 5, "gzip-5"},
{NULL, NULL, 6, "gzip-6"},
{NULL, NULL, 7, "gzip-7"},
{NULL, NULL, 8, "gzip-8"},
{NULL, NULL, 9, "gzip-9"},
{NULL, zle_decompress, 64, "zle"},
};
static void
byteswap_uint64_array(void *vbuf, size_t size)
{
uint64_t *buf = vbuf;
size_t count = size >> 3;
int i;
ASSERT((size & 7) == 0);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
buf[i] = BSWAP_64(buf[i]);
}
/*
* Set the external verifier for a gang block based on <vdev, offset, txg>,
* a tuple which is guaranteed to be unique for the life of the pool.
*/
static void
zio_checksum_gang_verifier(zio_cksum_t *zcp, const blkptr_t *bp)
{
const dva_t *dva = BP_IDENTITY(bp);
uint64_t txg = BP_PHYSICAL_BIRTH(bp);
ASSERT(BP_IS_GANG(bp));
ZIO_SET_CHECKSUM(zcp, DVA_GET_VDEV(dva), DVA_GET_OFFSET(dva), txg, 0);
}
/*
* Set the external verifier for a label block based on its offset.
* The vdev is implicit, and the txg is unknowable at pool open time --
* hence the logic in vdev_uberblock_load() to find the most recent copy.
*/
static void
zio_checksum_label_verifier(zio_cksum_t *zcp, uint64_t offset)
{
ZIO_SET_CHECKSUM(zcp, offset, 0, 0, 0);
}
static int
zio_checksum_verify(const blkptr_t *bp, void *data)
{
uint64_t size;
unsigned int checksum;
zio_checksum_info_t *ci;
zio_cksum_t actual_cksum, expected_cksum, verifier;
int byteswap;
checksum = BP_GET_CHECKSUM(bp);
size = BP_GET_PSIZE(bp);
if (checksum >= ZIO_CHECKSUM_FUNCTIONS)
return (EINVAL);
ci = &zio_checksum_table[checksum];
if (ci->ci_func[0] == NULL || ci->ci_func[1] == NULL)
return (EINVAL);
if (ci->ci_eck) {
zio_eck_t *eck;
ASSERT(checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER ||
checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL);
eck = (zio_eck_t *)((char *)data + size) - 1;
if (checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_GANG_HEADER)
zio_checksum_gang_verifier(&verifier, bp);
else if (checksum == ZIO_CHECKSUM_LABEL)
zio_checksum_label_verifier(&verifier,
DVA_GET_OFFSET(BP_IDENTITY(bp)));
else
verifier = bp->blk_cksum;
byteswap = (eck->zec_magic == BSWAP_64(ZEC_MAGIC));
if (byteswap)
byteswap_uint64_array(&verifier, sizeof (zio_cksum_t));
expected_cksum = eck->zec_cksum;
eck->zec_cksum = verifier;
ci->ci_func[byteswap](data, size, &actual_cksum);
eck->zec_cksum = expected_cksum;
if (byteswap)
byteswap_uint64_array(&expected_cksum,
sizeof (zio_cksum_t));
} else {
expected_cksum = bp->blk_cksum;
ci->ci_func[0](data, size, &actual_cksum);
}
if (!ZIO_CHECKSUM_EQUAL(actual_cksum, expected_cksum)) {
/*printf("ZFS: read checksum failed\n");*/
return (EIO);
}
return (0);
}
static int
zio_decompress_data(int cpfunc, void *src, uint64_t srcsize,
void *dest, uint64_t destsize)
{
zio_compress_info_t *ci;
if (cpfunc >= ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTIONS) {
printf("ZFS: unsupported compression algorithm %u\n", cpfunc);
return (EIO);
}
ci = &zio_compress_table[cpfunc];
if (!ci->ci_decompress) {
printf("ZFS: unsupported compression algorithm %s\n",
ci->ci_name);
return (EIO);
}
return (ci->ci_decompress(src, dest, srcsize, destsize, ci->ci_level));
}
static uint64_t
zap_hash(uint64_t salt, const char *name)
{
const uint8_t *cp;
uint8_t c;
uint64_t crc = salt;
ASSERT(crc != 0);
ASSERT(zfs_crc64_table[128] == ZFS_CRC64_POLY);
for (cp = (const uint8_t *)name; (c = *cp) != '\0'; cp++)
crc = (crc >> 8) ^ zfs_crc64_table[(crc ^ c) & 0xFF];
/*
* Only use 28 bits, since we need 4 bits in the cookie for the
* collision differentiator. We MUST use the high bits, since
* those are the onces that we first pay attention to when
* chosing the bucket.
*/
crc &= ~((1ULL << (64 - ZAP_HASHBITS)) - 1);
return (crc);
}
static void *zfs_alloc(size_t size);
static void zfs_free(void *ptr, size_t size);
typedef struct raidz_col {
uint64_t rc_devidx; /* child device index for I/O */
uint64_t rc_offset; /* device offset */
uint64_t rc_size; /* I/O size */
void *rc_data; /* I/O data */
int rc_error; /* I/O error for this device */
uint8_t rc_tried; /* Did we attempt this I/O column? */
uint8_t rc_skipped; /* Did we skip this I/O column? */
} raidz_col_t;
typedef struct raidz_map {
uint64_t rm_cols; /* Regular column count */
uint64_t rm_scols; /* Count including skipped columns */
uint64_t rm_bigcols; /* Number of oversized columns */
uint64_t rm_asize; /* Actual total I/O size */
uint64_t rm_missingdata; /* Count of missing data devices */
uint64_t rm_missingparity; /* Count of missing parity devices */
uint64_t rm_firstdatacol; /* First data column/parity count */
uint64_t rm_nskip; /* Skipped sectors for padding */
uint64_t rm_skipstart; /* Column index of padding start */
uintptr_t rm_reports; /* # of referencing checksum reports */
uint8_t rm_freed; /* map no longer has referencing ZIO */
uint8_t rm_ecksuminjected; /* checksum error was injected */
raidz_col_t rm_col[1]; /* Flexible array of I/O columns */
} raidz_map_t;
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_P 0
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_Q 1
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_R 2
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(x) (((x) << 1) ^ (((x) & 0x80) ? 0x1d : 0))
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_4(x) (VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(VDEV_RAIDZ_MUL_2(x)))
/*
* We provide a mechanism to perform the field multiplication operation on a
* 64-bit value all at once rather than a byte at a time. This works by
* creating a mask from the top bit in each byte and using that to
* conditionally apply the XOR of 0x1d.
*/
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(x, mask) \
{ \
(mask) = (x) & 0x8080808080808080ULL; \
(mask) = ((mask) << 1) - ((mask) >> 7); \
(x) = (((x) << 1) & 0xfefefefefefefefeULL) ^ \
((mask) & 0x1d1d1d1d1d1d1d1dULL); \
}
#define VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(x, mask) \
{ \
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2((x), mask); \
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2((x), mask); \
}
/*
* These two tables represent powers and logs of 2 in the Galois field defined
* above. These values were computed by repeatedly multiplying by 2 as above.
*/
static const uint8_t vdev_raidz_pow2[256] = {
0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcd, 0x87, 0x13, 0x26,
0x4c, 0x98, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xb4, 0x75, 0xea, 0xc9,
0x8f, 0x03, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0,
0x9d, 0x27, 0x4e, 0x9c, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x35,
0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb5, 0x77, 0xee, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0x23,
0x46, 0x8c, 0x05, 0x0a, 0x14, 0x28, 0x50, 0xa0,
0x5d, 0xba, 0x69, 0xd2, 0xb9, 0x6f, 0xde, 0xa1,
0x5f, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc,
0x65, 0xca, 0x89, 0x0f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x78, 0xf0,
0xfd, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0xd6, 0xb1, 0x7f,
0xfe, 0xe1, 0xdf, 0xa3, 0x5b, 0xb6, 0x71, 0xe2,
0xd9, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x86, 0x11, 0x22, 0x44, 0x88,
0x0d, 0x1a, 0x34, 0x68, 0xd0, 0xbd, 0x67, 0xce,
0x81, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x7c, 0xf8, 0xed, 0xc7, 0x93,
0x3b, 0x76, 0xec, 0xc5, 0x97, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc,
0x85, 0x17, 0x2e, 0x5c, 0xb8, 0x6d, 0xda, 0xa9,
0x4f, 0x9e, 0x21, 0x42, 0x84, 0x15, 0x2a, 0x54,
0xa8, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x29, 0x52, 0xa4, 0x55, 0xaa,
0x49, 0x92, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd5, 0xb7, 0x73,
0xe6, 0xd1, 0xbf, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x91, 0x3f, 0x7e,
0xfc, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xf6, 0xf1, 0xff,
0xe3, 0xdb, 0xab, 0x4b, 0x96, 0x31, 0x62, 0xc4,
0x95, 0x37, 0x6e, 0xdc, 0xa5, 0x57, 0xae, 0x41,
0x82, 0x19, 0x32, 0x64, 0xc8, 0x8d, 0x07, 0x0e,
0x1c, 0x38, 0x70, 0xe0, 0xdd, 0xa7, 0x53, 0xa6,
0x51, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xb2, 0x79, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0xef,
0xc3, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0x56, 0xac, 0x45, 0x8a, 0x09,
0x12, 0x24, 0x48, 0x90, 0x3d, 0x7a, 0xf4, 0xf5,
0xf7, 0xf3, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0xcb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x16,
0x2c, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xe9, 0xcf, 0x83,
0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xad, 0x47, 0x8e, 0x01
};
static const uint8_t vdev_raidz_log2[256] = {
0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x19, 0x02, 0x32, 0x1a, 0xc6,
0x03, 0xdf, 0x33, 0xee, 0x1b, 0x68, 0xc7, 0x4b,
0x04, 0x64, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x34, 0x8d, 0xef, 0x81,
0x1c, 0xc1, 0x69, 0xf8, 0xc8, 0x08, 0x4c, 0x71,
0x05, 0x8a, 0x65, 0x2f, 0xe1, 0x24, 0x0f, 0x21,
0x35, 0x93, 0x8e, 0xda, 0xf0, 0x12, 0x82, 0x45,
0x1d, 0xb5, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0x6a, 0x27, 0xf9, 0xb9,
0xc9, 0x9a, 0x09, 0x78, 0x4d, 0xe4, 0x72, 0xa6,
0x06, 0xbf, 0x8b, 0x62, 0x66, 0xdd, 0x30, 0xfd,
0xe2, 0x98, 0x25, 0xb3, 0x10, 0x91, 0x22, 0x88,
0x36, 0xd0, 0x94, 0xce, 0x8f, 0x96, 0xdb, 0xbd,
0xf1, 0xd2, 0x13, 0x5c, 0x83, 0x38, 0x46, 0x40,
0x1e, 0x42, 0xb6, 0xa3, 0xc3, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x6e,
0x6b, 0x3a, 0x28, 0x54, 0xfa, 0x85, 0xba, 0x3d,
0xca, 0x5e, 0x9b, 0x9f, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x79, 0x2b,
0x4e, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0xac, 0x73, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0x57,
0x07, 0x70, 0xc0, 0xf7, 0x8c, 0x80, 0x63, 0x0d,
0x67, 0x4a, 0xde, 0xed, 0x31, 0xc5, 0xfe, 0x18,
0xe3, 0xa5, 0x99, 0x77, 0x26, 0xb8, 0xb4, 0x7c,
0x11, 0x44, 0x92, 0xd9, 0x23, 0x20, 0x89, 0x2e,
0x37, 0x3f, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x95, 0xbc, 0xcf, 0xcd,
0x90, 0x87, 0x97, 0xb2, 0xdc, 0xfc, 0xbe, 0x61,
0xf2, 0x56, 0xd3, 0xab, 0x14, 0x2a, 0x5d, 0x9e,
0x84, 0x3c, 0x39, 0x53, 0x47, 0x6d, 0x41, 0xa2,
0x1f, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xd8, 0xb7, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0x76,
0xc4, 0x17, 0x49, 0xec, 0x7f, 0x0c, 0x6f, 0xf6,
0x6c, 0xa1, 0x3b, 0x52, 0x29, 0x9d, 0x55, 0xaa,
0xfb, 0x60, 0x86, 0xb1, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0x3e, 0x5a,
0xcb, 0x59, 0x5f, 0xb0, 0x9c, 0xa9, 0xa0, 0x51,
0x0b, 0xf5, 0x16, 0xeb, 0x7a, 0x75, 0x2c, 0xd7,
0x4f, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xad, 0xe8,
0x74, 0xd6, 0xf4, 0xea, 0xa8, 0x50, 0x58, 0xaf,
};
/*
* Multiply a given number by 2 raised to the given power.
*/
static uint8_t
vdev_raidz_exp2(uint8_t a, int exp)
{
if (a == 0)
return (0);
ASSERT(exp >= 0);
ASSERT(vdev_raidz_log2[a] > 0 || a == 1);
exp += vdev_raidz_log2[a];
if (exp > 255)
exp -= 255;
return (vdev_raidz_pow2[exp]);
}
static void
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_p(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
uint64_t *p, *src, pcount, ccount, i;
int c;
pcount = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data;
p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data;
ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
ASSERT(ccount == pcount);
for (i = 0; i < ccount; i++, src++, p++) {
*p = *src;
}
} else {
ASSERT(ccount <= pcount);
for (i = 0; i < ccount; i++, src++, p++) {
*p ^= *src;
}
}
}
}
static void
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pq(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
uint64_t *p, *q, *src, pcnt, ccnt, mask, i;
int c;
pcnt = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size ==
rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size);
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data;
p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data;
q = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data;
ccnt = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
ASSERT(ccnt == pcnt || ccnt == 0);
for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) {
*p = *src;
*q = *src;
}
for (; i < pcnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) {
*p = 0;
*q = 0;
}
} else {
ASSERT(ccnt <= pcnt);
/*
* Apply the algorithm described above by multiplying
* the previous result and adding in the new value.
*/
for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++) {
*p ^= *src;
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask);
*q ^= *src;
}
/*
* Treat short columns as though they are full of 0s.
* Note that there's therefore nothing needed for P.
*/
for (; i < pcnt; i++, q++) {
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask);
}
}
}
}
static void
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pqr(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
uint64_t *p, *q, *r, *src, pcnt, ccnt, mask, i;
int c;
pcnt = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size ==
rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_size);
ASSERT(rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_size ==
rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_R].rc_size);
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data;
p = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_P].rc_data;
q = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_Q].rc_data;
r = rm->rm_col[VDEV_RAIDZ_R].rc_data;
ccnt = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size / sizeof (src[0]);
if (c == rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
ASSERT(ccnt == pcnt || ccnt == 0);
for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) {
*p = *src;
*q = *src;
*r = *src;
}
for (; i < pcnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) {
*p = 0;
*q = 0;
*r = 0;
}
} else {
ASSERT(ccnt <= pcnt);
/*
* Apply the algorithm described above by multiplying
* the previous result and adding in the new value.
*/
for (i = 0; i < ccnt; i++, src++, p++, q++, r++) {
*p ^= *src;
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask);
*q ^= *src;
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(*r, mask);
*r ^= *src;
}
/*
* Treat short columns as though they are full of 0s.
* Note that there's therefore nothing needed for P.
*/
for (; i < pcnt; i++, q++, r++) {
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_2(*q, mask);
VDEV_RAIDZ_64MUL_4(*r, mask);
}
}
}
}
/*
* Generate RAID parity in the first virtual columns according to the number of
* parity columns available.
*/
static void
vdev_raidz_generate_parity(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
switch (rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
case 1:
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_p(rm);
break;
case 2:
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pq(rm);
break;
case 3:
vdev_raidz_generate_parity_pqr(rm);
break;
default:
panic("invalid RAID-Z configuration");
}
}
/* BEGIN CSTYLED */
/*
* In the general case of reconstruction, we must solve the system of linear
* equations defined by the coeffecients used to generate parity as well as
* the contents of the data and parity disks. This can be expressed with
* vectors for the original data (D) and the actual data (d) and parity (p)
* and a matrix composed of the identity matrix (I) and a dispersal matrix (V):
*
* __ __ __ __
* | | __ __ | p_0 |
* | V | | D_0 | | p_m-1 |
* | | x | : | = | d_0 |
* | I | | D_n-1 | | : |
* | | ~~ ~~ | d_n-1 |
* ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
*
* I is simply a square identity matrix of size n, and V is a vandermonde
* matrix defined by the coeffecients we chose for the various parity columns
* (1, 2, 4). Note that these values were chosen both for simplicity, speedy
* computation as well as linear separability.
*
* __ __ __ __
* | 1 .. 1 1 1 | | p_0 |
* | 2^n-1 .. 4 2 1 | __ __ | : |
* | 4^n-1 .. 16 4 1 | | D_0 | | p_m-1 |
* | 1 .. 0 0 0 | | D_1 | | d_0 |
* | 0 .. 0 0 0 | x | D_2 | = | d_1 |
* | : : : : | | : | | d_2 |
* | 0 .. 1 0 0 | | D_n-1 | | : |
* | 0 .. 0 1 0 | ~~ ~~ | : |
* | 0 .. 0 0 1 | | d_n-1 |
* ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
*
* Note that I, V, d, and p are known. To compute D, we must invert the
* matrix and use the known data and parity values to reconstruct the unknown
* data values. We begin by removing the rows in V|I and d|p that correspond
* to failed or missing columns; we then make V|I square (n x n) and d|p
* sized n by removing rows corresponding to unused parity from the bottom up
* to generate (V|I)' and (d|p)'. We can then generate the inverse of (V|I)'
* using Gauss-Jordan elimination. In the example below we use m=3 parity
* columns, n=8 data columns, with errors in d_1, d_2, and p_1:
* __ __
* | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
* | 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 | <-----+-+-- missing disks
* | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 | / /
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | / /
* | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 | <--' /
* (V|I) = | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | <---'
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
* | 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 |
* | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 |
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* (V|I)' = | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
*
* Here we employ Gauss-Jordan elimination to find the inverse of (V|I)'. We
* have carefully chosen the seed values 1, 2, and 4 to ensure that this
* matrix is not singular.
* __ __
* | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 19 205 116 29 64 16 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
* | 0 205 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 29 64 16 4 1 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
* | 0 0 185 0 0 0 0 0 205 1 222 208 141 221 201 204 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 |
* | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 167 100 5 41 159 169 217 208 |
* | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 |
* | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
* __ __
* | 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
* | 167 100 5 41 159 169 217 208 |
* | 166 100 4 40 158 168 216 209 |
* (V|I)'^-1 = | 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 |
* | 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
* ~~ ~~
*
* We can then simply compute D = (V|I)'^-1 x (d|p)' to discover the values
* of the missing data.
*
* As is apparent from the example above, the only non-trivial rows in the
* inverse matrix correspond to the data disks that we're trying to
* reconstruct. Indeed, those are the only rows we need as the others would
* only be useful for reconstructing data known or assumed to be valid. For
* that reason, we only build the coefficients in the rows that correspond to
* targeted columns.
*/
/* END CSTYLED */
static void
vdev_raidz_matrix_init(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmap, int *map,
uint8_t **rows)
{
int i, j;
int pow;
ASSERT(n == rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol);
/*
* Fill in the missing rows of interest.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmap; i++) {
ASSERT3S(0, <=, map[i]);
ASSERT3S(map[i], <=, 2);
pow = map[i] * n;
if (pow > 255)
pow -= 255;
ASSERT(pow <= 255);
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
pow -= map[i];
if (pow < 0)
pow += 255;
rows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_pow2[pow];
}
}
}
static void
vdev_raidz_matrix_invert(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmissing, int *missing,
uint8_t **rows, uint8_t **invrows, const uint8_t *used)
{
int i, j, ii, jj;
uint8_t log;
/*
* Assert that the first nmissing entries from the array of used
* columns correspond to parity columns and that subsequent entries
* correspond to data columns.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
ASSERT3S(used[i], <, rm->rm_firstdatacol);
}
for (; i < n; i++) {
ASSERT3S(used[i], >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol);
}
/*
* First initialize the storage where we'll compute the inverse rows.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
invrows[i][j] = (i == j) ? 1 : 0;
}
}
/*
* Subtract all trivial rows from the rows of consequence.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
for (j = nmissing; j < n; j++) {
ASSERT3U(used[j], >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol);
jj = used[j] - rm->rm_firstdatacol;
ASSERT3S(jj, <, n);
invrows[i][j] = rows[i][jj];
rows[i][jj] = 0;
}
}
/*
* For each of the rows of interest, we must normalize it and subtract
* a multiple of it from the other rows.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < missing[i]; j++) {
ASSERT3U(rows[i][j], ==, 0);
}
ASSERT3U(rows[i][missing[i]], !=, 0);
/*
* Compute the inverse of the first element and multiply each
* element in the row by that value.
*/
log = 255 - vdev_raidz_log2[rows[i][missing[i]]];
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
rows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_exp2(rows[i][j], log);
invrows[i][j] = vdev_raidz_exp2(invrows[i][j], log);
}
for (ii = 0; ii < nmissing; ii++) {
if (i == ii)
continue;
ASSERT3U(rows[ii][missing[i]], !=, 0);
log = vdev_raidz_log2[rows[ii][missing[i]]];
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
rows[ii][j] ^=
vdev_raidz_exp2(rows[i][j], log);
invrows[ii][j] ^=
vdev_raidz_exp2(invrows[i][j], log);
}
}
}
/*
* Verify that the data that is left in the rows are properly part of
* an identity matrix.
*/
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
if (j == missing[i]) {
ASSERT3U(rows[i][j], ==, 1);
} else {
ASSERT3U(rows[i][j], ==, 0);
}
}
}
}
static void
vdev_raidz_matrix_reconstruct(raidz_map_t *rm, int n, int nmissing,
int *missing, uint8_t **invrows, const uint8_t *used)
{
int i, j, x, cc, c;
uint8_t *src;
uint64_t ccount;
uint8_t *dst[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint64_t dcount[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint8_t log, val;
int ll;
uint8_t *invlog[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint8_t *p, *pp;
size_t psize;
log = 0; /* gcc */
psize = sizeof (invlog[0][0]) * n * nmissing;
p = zfs_alloc(psize);
for (pp = p, i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
invlog[i] = pp;
pp += n;
}
for (i = 0; i < nmissing; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
ASSERT3U(invrows[i][j], !=, 0);
invlog[i][j] = vdev_raidz_log2[invrows[i][j]];
}
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
c = used[i];
ASSERT3U(c, <, rm->rm_cols);
src = rm->rm_col[c].rc_data;
ccount = rm->rm_col[c].rc_size;
for (j = 0; j < nmissing; j++) {
cc = missing[j] + rm->rm_firstdatacol;
ASSERT3U(cc, >=, rm->rm_firstdatacol);
ASSERT3U(cc, <, rm->rm_cols);
ASSERT3U(cc, !=, c);
dst[j] = rm->rm_col[cc].rc_data;
dcount[j] = rm->rm_col[cc].rc_size;
}
ASSERT(ccount >= rm->rm_col[missing[0]].rc_size || i > 0);
for (x = 0; x < ccount; x++, src++) {
if (*src != 0)
log = vdev_raidz_log2[*src];
for (cc = 0; cc < nmissing; cc++) {
if (x >= dcount[cc])
continue;
if (*src == 0) {
val = 0;
} else {
if ((ll = log + invlog[cc][i]) >= 255)
ll -= 255;
val = vdev_raidz_pow2[ll];
}
if (i == 0)
dst[cc][x] = val;
else
dst[cc][x] ^= val;
}
}
}
zfs_free(p, psize);
}
static int
vdev_raidz_reconstruct_general(raidz_map_t *rm, int *tgts, int ntgts)
{
int n, i, c, t, tt;
int nmissing_rows;
int missing_rows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
int parity_map[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint8_t *p, *pp;
size_t psize;
uint8_t *rows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint8_t *invrows[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
uint8_t *used;
int code = 0;
n = rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol;
/*
* Figure out which data columns are missing.
*/
nmissing_rows = 0;
for (t = 0; t < ntgts; t++) {
if (tgts[t] >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
missing_rows[nmissing_rows++] =
tgts[t] - rm->rm_firstdatacol;
}
}
/*
* Figure out which parity columns to use to help generate the missing
* data columns.
*/
for (tt = 0, c = 0, i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; c++) {
ASSERT(tt < ntgts);
ASSERT(c < rm->rm_firstdatacol);
/*
* Skip any targeted parity columns.
*/
if (c == tgts[tt]) {
tt++;
continue;
}
code |= 1 << c;
parity_map[i] = c;
i++;
}
ASSERT(code != 0);
ASSERT3U(code, <, 1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY);
psize = (sizeof (rows[0][0]) + sizeof (invrows[0][0])) *
nmissing_rows * n + sizeof (used[0]) * n;
p = kmem_alloc(psize, KM_SLEEP);
for (pp = p, i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; i++) {
rows[i] = pp;
pp += n;
invrows[i] = pp;
pp += n;
}
used = pp;
for (i = 0; i < nmissing_rows; i++) {
used[i] = parity_map[i];
}
for (tt = 0, c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
if (tt < nmissing_rows &&
c == missing_rows[tt] + rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
tt++;
continue;
}
ASSERT3S(i, <, n);
used[i] = c;
i++;
}
/*
* Initialize the interesting rows of the matrix.
*/
vdev_raidz_matrix_init(rm, n, nmissing_rows, parity_map, rows);
/*
* Invert the matrix.
*/
vdev_raidz_matrix_invert(rm, n, nmissing_rows, missing_rows, rows,
invrows, used);
/*
* Reconstruct the missing data using the generated matrix.
*/
vdev_raidz_matrix_reconstruct(rm, n, nmissing_rows, missing_rows,
invrows, used);
kmem_free(p, psize);
return (code);
}
static int
vdev_raidz_reconstruct(raidz_map_t *rm, int *t, int nt)
{
int tgts[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
int ntgts;
int i, c;
int code;
int nbadparity, nbaddata;
/*
* The tgts list must already be sorted.
*/
for (i = 1; i < nt; i++) {
ASSERT(t[i] > t[i - 1]);
}
nbadparity = rm->rm_firstdatacol;
nbaddata = rm->rm_cols - nbadparity;
ntgts = 0;
for (i = 0, c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
if (i < nt && c == t[i]) {
tgts[ntgts++] = c;
i++;
} else if (rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0) {
tgts[ntgts++] = c;
} else if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
nbaddata--;
} else {
nbadparity--;
}
}
ASSERT(ntgts >= nt);
ASSERT(nbaddata >= 0);
ASSERT(nbaddata + nbadparity == ntgts);
code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct_general(rm, tgts, ntgts);
ASSERT(code < (1 << VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY));
ASSERT(code > 0);
return (code);
}
static raidz_map_t *
vdev_raidz_map_alloc(void *data, off_t offset, size_t size, uint64_t unit_shift,
uint64_t dcols, uint64_t nparity)
{
raidz_map_t *rm;
uint64_t b = offset >> unit_shift;
uint64_t s = size >> unit_shift;
uint64_t f = b % dcols;
uint64_t o = (b / dcols) << unit_shift;
uint64_t q, r, c, bc, col, acols, scols, coff, devidx, asize, tot;
q = s / (dcols - nparity);
r = s - q * (dcols - nparity);
bc = (r == 0 ? 0 : r + nparity);
tot = s + nparity * (q + (r == 0 ? 0 : 1));
if (q == 0) {
acols = bc;
scols = MIN(dcols, roundup(bc, nparity + 1));
} else {
acols = dcols;
scols = dcols;
}
ASSERT3U(acols, <=, scols);
rm = zfs_alloc(offsetof(raidz_map_t, rm_col[scols]));
rm->rm_cols = acols;
rm->rm_scols = scols;
rm->rm_bigcols = bc;
rm->rm_skipstart = bc;
rm->rm_missingdata = 0;
rm->rm_missingparity = 0;
rm->rm_firstdatacol = nparity;
rm->rm_reports = 0;
rm->rm_freed = 0;
rm->rm_ecksuminjected = 0;
asize = 0;
for (c = 0; c < scols; c++) {
col = f + c;
coff = o;
if (col >= dcols) {
col -= dcols;
coff += 1ULL << unit_shift;
}
rm->rm_col[c].rc_devidx = col;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_offset = coff;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = NULL;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_error = 0;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_tried = 0;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_skipped = 0;
if (c >= acols)
rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = 0;
else if (c < bc)
rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = (q + 1) << unit_shift;
else
rm->rm_col[c].rc_size = q << unit_shift;
asize += rm->rm_col[c].rc_size;
}
ASSERT3U(asize, ==, tot << unit_shift);
rm->rm_asize = roundup(asize, (nparity + 1) << unit_shift);
rm->rm_nskip = roundup(tot, nparity + 1) - tot;
ASSERT3U(rm->rm_asize - asize, ==, rm->rm_nskip << unit_shift);
ASSERT3U(rm->rm_nskip, <=, nparity);
for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++)
rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = zfs_alloc(rm->rm_col[c].rc_size);
rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = data;
for (c = c + 1; c < acols; c++)
rm->rm_col[c].rc_data = (char *)rm->rm_col[c - 1].rc_data +
rm->rm_col[c - 1].rc_size;
/*
* If all data stored spans all columns, there's a danger that parity
* will always be on the same device and, since parity isn't read
* during normal operation, that that device's I/O bandwidth won't be
* used effectively. We therefore switch the parity every 1MB.
*
* ... at least that was, ostensibly, the theory. As a practical
* matter unless we juggle the parity between all devices evenly, we
* won't see any benefit. Further, occasional writes that aren't a
* multiple of the LCM of the number of children and the minimum
* stripe width are sufficient to avoid pessimal behavior.
* Unfortunately, this decision created an implicit on-disk format
* requirement that we need to support for all eternity, but only
* for single-parity RAID-Z.
*
* If we intend to skip a sector in the zeroth column for padding
* we must make sure to note this swap. We will never intend to
* skip the first column since at least one data and one parity
* column must appear in each row.
*/
ASSERT(rm->rm_cols >= 2);
ASSERT(rm->rm_col[0].rc_size == rm->rm_col[1].rc_size);
if (rm->rm_firstdatacol == 1 && (offset & (1ULL << 20))) {
devidx = rm->rm_col[0].rc_devidx;
o = rm->rm_col[0].rc_offset;
rm->rm_col[0].rc_devidx = rm->rm_col[1].rc_devidx;
rm->rm_col[0].rc_offset = rm->rm_col[1].rc_offset;
rm->rm_col[1].rc_devidx = devidx;
rm->rm_col[1].rc_offset = o;
if (rm->rm_skipstart == 0)
rm->rm_skipstart = 1;
}
return (rm);
}
static void
vdev_raidz_map_free(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
int c;
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol - 1; c >= 0; c--)
zfs_free(rm->rm_col[c].rc_data, rm->rm_col[c].rc_size);
zfs_free(rm, offsetof(raidz_map_t, rm_col[rm->rm_scols]));
}
static vdev_t *
vdev_child(vdev_t *pvd, uint64_t devidx)
{
vdev_t *cvd;
STAILQ_FOREACH(cvd, &pvd->v_children, v_childlink) {
if (cvd->v_id == devidx)
break;
}
return (cvd);
}
/*
* We keep track of whether or not there were any injected errors, so that
* any ereports we generate can note it.
*/
static int
raidz_checksum_verify(const blkptr_t *bp, void *data, uint64_t size)
{
return (zio_checksum_verify(bp, data));
}
/*
* Generate the parity from the data columns. If we tried and were able to
* read the parity without error, verify that the generated parity matches the
* data we read. If it doesn't, we fire off a checksum error. Return the
* number such failures.
*/
static int
raidz_parity_verify(raidz_map_t *rm)
{
void *orig[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
int c, ret = 0;
raidz_col_t *rc;
for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_firstdatacol; c++) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
if (!rc->rc_tried || rc->rc_error != 0)
continue;
orig[c] = zfs_alloc(rc->rc_size);
bcopy(rc->rc_data, orig[c], rc->rc_size);
}
vdev_raidz_generate_parity(rm);
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol - 1; c >= 0; c--) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
if (!rc->rc_tried || rc->rc_error != 0)
continue;
if (bcmp(orig[c], rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size) != 0) {
rc->rc_error = ECKSUM;
ret++;
}
zfs_free(orig[c], rc->rc_size);
}
return (ret);
}
/*
* Iterate over all combinations of bad data and attempt a reconstruction.
* Note that the algorithm below is non-optimal because it doesn't take into
* account how reconstruction is actually performed. For example, with
* triple-parity RAID-Z the reconstruction procedure is the same if column 4
* is targeted as invalid as if columns 1 and 4 are targeted since in both
* cases we'd only use parity information in column 0.
*/
static int
vdev_raidz_combrec(raidz_map_t *rm, const blkptr_t *bp, void *data,
off_t offset, uint64_t bytes, int total_errors, int data_errors)
{
raidz_col_t *rc;
void *orig[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
int tstore[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY + 2];
int *tgts = &tstore[1];
int current, next, i, c, n;
int code, ret = 0;
ASSERT(total_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol);
/*
* This simplifies one edge condition.
*/
tgts[-1] = -1;
for (n = 1; n <= rm->rm_firstdatacol - total_errors; n++) {
/*
* Initialize the targets array by finding the first n columns
* that contain no error.
*
* If there were no data errors, we need to ensure that we're
* always explicitly attempting to reconstruct at least one
* data column. To do this, we simply push the highest target
* up into the data columns.
*/
for (c = 0, i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i == n - 1 && data_errors == 0 &&
c < rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
c = rm->rm_firstdatacol;
}
while (rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0) {
c++;
ASSERT3S(c, <, rm->rm_cols);
}
tgts[i] = c++;
}
/*
* Setting tgts[n] simplifies the other edge condition.
*/
tgts[n] = rm->rm_cols;
/*
* These buffers were allocated in previous iterations.
*/
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
ASSERT(orig[i] != NULL);
}
orig[n - 1] = zfs_alloc(rm->rm_col[0].rc_size);
current = 0;
next = tgts[current];
while (current != n) {
tgts[current] = next;
current = 0;
/*
* Save off the original data that we're going to
* attempt to reconstruct.
*/
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ASSERT(orig[i] != NULL);
c = tgts[i];
ASSERT3S(c, >=, 0);
ASSERT3S(c, <, rm->rm_cols);
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
bcopy(rc->rc_data, orig[i], rc->rc_size);
}
/*
* Attempt a reconstruction and exit the outer loop on
* success.
*/
code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct(rm, tgts, n);
if (raidz_checksum_verify(bp, data, bytes) == 0) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
c = tgts[i];
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
ASSERT(rc->rc_error == 0);
rc->rc_error = ECKSUM;
}
ret = code;
goto done;
}
/*
* Restore the original data.
*/
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
c = tgts[i];
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
bcopy(orig[i], rc->rc_data, rc->rc_size);
}
do {
/*
* Find the next valid column after the current
* position..
*/
for (next = tgts[current] + 1;
next < rm->rm_cols &&
rm->rm_col[next].rc_error != 0; next++)
continue;
ASSERT(next <= tgts[current + 1]);
/*
* If that spot is available, we're done here.
*/
if (next != tgts[current + 1])
break;
/*
* Otherwise, find the next valid column after
* the previous position.
*/
for (c = tgts[current - 1] + 1;
rm->rm_col[c].rc_error != 0; c++)
continue;
tgts[current] = c;
current++;
} while (current != n);
}
}
n--;
done:
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
zfs_free(orig[i], rm->rm_col[0].rc_size);
}
return (ret);
}
static int
vdev_raidz_read(vdev_t *vd, const blkptr_t *bp, void *data,
off_t offset, size_t bytes)
{
vdev_t *tvd = vd->v_top;
vdev_t *cvd;
raidz_map_t *rm;
raidz_col_t *rc;
int c, error;
int unexpected_errors;
int parity_errors;
int parity_untried;
int data_errors;
int total_errors;
int n;
int tgts[VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY];
int code;
rc = NULL; /* gcc */
error = 0;
rm = vdev_raidz_map_alloc(data, offset, bytes, tvd->v_ashift,
vd->v_nchildren, vd->v_nparity);
/*
* Iterate over the columns in reverse order so that we hit the parity
* last -- any errors along the way will force us to read the parity.
*/
for (c = rm->rm_cols - 1; c >= 0; c--) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
cvd = vdev_child(vd, rc->rc_devidx);
if (cvd == NULL || cvd->v_state != VDEV_STATE_HEALTHY) {
if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol)
rm->rm_missingdata++;
else
rm->rm_missingparity++;
rc->rc_error = ENXIO;
rc->rc_tried = 1; /* don't even try */
rc->rc_skipped = 1;
continue;
}
#if 0 /* XXX: Too hard for the boot code. */
if (vdev_dtl_contains(cvd, DTL_MISSING, zio->io_txg, 1)) {
if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol)
rm->rm_missingdata++;
else
rm->rm_missingparity++;
rc->rc_error = ESTALE;
rc->rc_skipped = 1;
continue;
}
#endif
if (c >= rm->rm_firstdatacol || rm->rm_missingdata > 0) {
rc->rc_error = cvd->v_read(cvd, NULL, rc->rc_data,
rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_size);
rc->rc_tried = 1;
rc->rc_skipped = 0;
}
}
reconstruct:
unexpected_errors = 0;
parity_errors = 0;
parity_untried = 0;
data_errors = 0;
total_errors = 0;
ASSERT(rm->rm_missingparity <= rm->rm_firstdatacol);
ASSERT(rm->rm_missingdata <= rm->rm_cols - rm->rm_firstdatacol);
for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
if (rc->rc_error) {
ASSERT(rc->rc_error != ECKSUM); /* child has no bp */
if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol)
parity_errors++;
else
data_errors++;
if (!rc->rc_skipped)
unexpected_errors++;
total_errors++;
} else if (c < rm->rm_firstdatacol && !rc->rc_tried) {
parity_untried++;
}
}
/*
* There are three potential phases for a read:
* 1. produce valid data from the columns read
* 2. read all disks and try again
* 3. perform combinatorial reconstruction
*
* Each phase is progressively both more expensive and less likely to
* occur. If we encounter more errors than we can repair or all phases
* fail, we have no choice but to return an error.
*/
/*
* If the number of errors we saw was correctable -- less than or equal
* to the number of parity disks read -- attempt to produce data that
* has a valid checksum. Naturally, this case applies in the absence of
* any errors.
*/
if (total_errors <= rm->rm_firstdatacol - parity_untried) {
if (data_errors == 0) {
if (raidz_checksum_verify(bp, data, bytes) == 0) {
/*
* If we read parity information (unnecessarily
* as it happens since no reconstruction was
* needed) regenerate and verify the parity.
* We also regenerate parity when resilvering
* so we can write it out to the failed device
* later.
*/
if (parity_errors + parity_untried <
rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
n = raidz_parity_verify(rm);
unexpected_errors += n;
ASSERT(parity_errors + n <=
rm->rm_firstdatacol);
}
goto done;
}
} else {
/*
* We either attempt to read all the parity columns or
* none of them. If we didn't try to read parity, we
* wouldn't be here in the correctable case. There must
* also have been fewer parity errors than parity
* columns or, again, we wouldn't be in this code path.
*/
ASSERT(parity_untried == 0);
ASSERT(parity_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol);
/*
* Identify the data columns that reported an error.
*/
n = 0;
for (c = rm->rm_firstdatacol; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
if (rc->rc_error != 0) {
ASSERT(n < VDEV_RAIDZ_MAXPARITY);
tgts[n++] = c;
}
}
ASSERT(rm->rm_firstdatacol >= n);
code = vdev_raidz_reconstruct(rm, tgts, n);
if (raidz_checksum_verify(bp, data, bytes) == 0) {
/*
* If we read more parity disks than were used
* for reconstruction, confirm that the other
* parity disks produced correct data. This
* routine is suboptimal in that it regenerates
* the parity that we already used in addition
* to the parity that we're attempting to
* verify, but this should be a relatively
* uncommon case, and can be optimized if it
* becomes a problem. Note that we regenerate
* parity when resilvering so we can write it
* out to failed devices later.
*/
if (parity_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol - n) {
n = raidz_parity_verify(rm);
unexpected_errors += n;
ASSERT(parity_errors + n <=
rm->rm_firstdatacol);
}
goto done;
}
}
}
/*
* This isn't a typical situation -- either we got a read
* error or a child silently returned bad data. Read every
* block so we can try again with as much data and parity as
* we can track down. If we've already been through once
* before, all children will be marked as tried so we'll
* proceed to combinatorial reconstruction.
*/
unexpected_errors = 1;
rm->rm_missingdata = 0;
rm->rm_missingparity = 0;
n = 0;
for (c = 0; c < rm->rm_cols; c++) {
rc = &rm->rm_col[c];
if (rc->rc_tried)
continue;
cvd = vdev_child(vd, rc->rc_devidx);
ASSERT(cvd != NULL);
rc->rc_error = cvd->v_read(cvd, NULL,
rc->rc_data, rc->rc_offset, rc->rc_size);
if (rc->rc_error == 0)
n++;
rc->rc_tried = 1;
rc->rc_skipped = 0;
}
/*
* If we managed to read anything more, retry the
* reconstruction.
*/
if (n > 0)
goto reconstruct;
/*
* At this point we've attempted to reconstruct the data given the
* errors we detected, and we've attempted to read all columns. There
* must, therefore, be one or more additional problems -- silent errors
* resulting in invalid data rather than explicit I/O errors resulting
* in absent data. We check if there is enough additional data to
* possibly reconstruct the data and then perform combinatorial
* reconstruction over all possible combinations. If that fails,
* we're cooked.
*/
if (total_errors > rm->rm_firstdatacol) {
error = EIO;
} else if (total_errors < rm->rm_firstdatacol &&
(code = vdev_raidz_combrec(rm, bp, data, offset, bytes,
total_errors, data_errors)) != 0) {
/*
* If we didn't use all the available parity for the
* combinatorial reconstruction, verify that the remaining
* parity is correct.
*/
if (code != (1 << rm->rm_firstdatacol) - 1)
(void) raidz_parity_verify(rm);
} else {
/*
* We're here because either:
*
* total_errors == rm_first_datacol, or
* vdev_raidz_combrec() failed
*
* In either case, there is enough bad data to prevent
* reconstruction.
*
* Start checksum ereports for all children which haven't
* failed, and the IO wasn't speculative.
*/
error = ECKSUM;
}
done:
vdev_raidz_map_free(rm);
return (error);
}