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/*
* CDDL HEADER START
*
* The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
* Common Development and Distribution License, Version 1.0 only
* (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License.
*
* You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
* or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions
* and limitations under the License.
*
* When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
* file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
* If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
* fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
* information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
*
* CDDL HEADER END
*
* Portions Copyright 2008 John Birrell <jb@freebsd.org>
*
* $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/sys/cddl/dev/cyclic/cyclic.c 221990 2011-05-16 15:29:59Z avg $
*
* This is a simplified version of the cyclic timer subsystem from
* OpenSolaris. In the FreeBSD version, we don't use interrupt levels.
*/
/*
* Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* Use is subject to license terms.
*/
/*
* The Cyclic Subsystem
* --------------------
*
* Prehistory
*
* Historically, most computer architectures have specified interval-based
* timer parts (e.g. SPARCstation's counter/timer; Intel's i8254). While
* these parts deal in relative (i.e. not absolute) time values, they are
* typically used by the operating system to implement the abstraction of
* absolute time. As a result, these parts cannot typically be reprogrammed
* without introducing error in the system's notion of time.
*
* Starting in about 1994, chip architectures began specifying high resolution
* timestamp registers. As of this writing (1999), all major chip families
* (UltraSPARC, PentiumPro, MIPS, PowerPC, Alpha) have high resolution
* timestamp registers, and two (UltraSPARC and MIPS) have added the capacity
* to interrupt based on timestamp values. These timestamp-compare registers
* present a time-based interrupt source which can be reprogrammed arbitrarily
* often without introducing error. Given the low cost of implementing such a
* timestamp-compare register (and the tangible benefit of eliminating
* discrete timer parts), it is reasonable to expect that future chip
* architectures will adopt this feature.
*
* The cyclic subsystem has been designed to take advantage of chip
* architectures with the capacity to interrupt based on absolute, high
* resolution values of time.
*
* Subsystem Overview
*
* The cyclic subsystem is a low-level kernel subsystem designed to provide
* arbitrarily high resolution, per-CPU interval timers (to avoid colliding
* with existing terms, we dub such an interval timer a "cyclic").
* Alternatively, a cyclic may be specified to be "omnipresent", denoting
* firing on all online CPUs.
*
* Cyclic Subsystem Interface Overview
* -----------------------------------
*
* The cyclic subsystem has interfaces with the kernel at-large, with other
* kernel subsystems (e.g. the processor management subsystem, the checkpoint
* resume subsystem) and with the platform (the cyclic backend). Each
* of these interfaces is given a brief synopsis here, and is described
* in full above the interface's implementation.
*
* The following diagram displays the cyclic subsystem's interfaces to
* other kernel components. The arrows denote a "calls" relationship, with
* the large arrow indicating the cyclic subsystem's consumer interface.
* Each arrow is labeled with the section in which the corresponding
* interface is described.
*
* Kernel at-large consumers
* -----------++------------
* ||
* ||
* _||_
* \ /
* \/
* +---------------------+
* | |
* | Cyclic subsystem |<----------- Other kernel subsystems
* | |
* +---------------------+
* ^ |
* | |
* | |
* | v
* +---------------------+
* | |
* | Cyclic backend |
* | (platform specific) |
* | |
* +---------------------+
*
*
* Kernel At-Large Interfaces
*
* cyclic_add() <-- Creates a cyclic
* cyclic_add_omni() <-- Creates an omnipresent cyclic
* cyclic_remove() <-- Removes a cyclic
*
* Backend Interfaces
*
* cyclic_init() <-- Initializes the cyclic subsystem
* cyclic_fire() <-- Interrupt entry point
*
* The backend-supplied interfaces (through the cyc_backend structure) are
* documented in detail in <sys/cyclic_impl.h>
*
*
* Cyclic Subsystem Implementation Overview
* ----------------------------------------
*
* The cyclic subsystem is designed to minimize interference between cyclics
* on different CPUs. Thus, all of the cyclic subsystem's data structures
* hang off of a per-CPU structure, cyc_cpu.
*
* Each cyc_cpu has a power-of-two sized array of cyclic structures (the
* cyp_cyclics member of the cyc_cpu structure). If cyclic_add() is called
* and there does not exist a free slot in the cyp_cyclics array, the size of
* the array will be doubled. The array will never shrink. Cyclics are
* referred to by their index in the cyp_cyclics array, which is of type
* cyc_index_t.
*
* The cyclics are kept sorted by expiration time in the cyc_cpu's heap. The
* heap is keyed by cyclic expiration time, with parents expiring earlier
* than their children.
*
* Heap Management
*
* The heap is managed primarily by cyclic_fire(). Upon entry, cyclic_fire()
* compares the root cyclic's expiration time to the current time. If the
* expiration time is in the past, cyclic_expire() is called on the root
* cyclic. Upon return from cyclic_expire(), the cyclic's new expiration time
* is derived by adding its interval to its old expiration time, and a
* downheap operation is performed. After the downheap, cyclic_fire()
* examines the (potentially changed) root cyclic, repeating the
* cyclic_expire()/add interval/cyclic_downheap() sequence until the root
* cyclic has an expiration time in the future. This expiration time
* (guaranteed to be the earliest in the heap) is then communicated to the
* backend via cyb_reprogram. Optimal backends will next call cyclic_fire()
* shortly after the root cyclic's expiration time.
*
* To allow efficient, deterministic downheap operations, we implement the
* heap as an array (the cyp_heap member of the cyc_cpu structure), with each
* element containing an index into the CPU's cyp_cyclics array.
*
* The heap is laid out in the array according to the following:
*
* 1. The root of the heap is always in the 0th element of the heap array
* 2. The left and right children of the nth element are element
* (((n + 1) << 1) - 1) and element ((n + 1) << 1), respectively.
*
* This layout is standard (see, e.g., Cormen's "Algorithms"); the proof
* that these constraints correctly lay out a heap (or indeed, any binary
* tree) is trivial and left to the reader.
*
* To see the heap by example, assume our cyclics array has the following
* members (at time t):
*
* cy_handler cy_expire
* ---------------------------------------------
* [ 0] clock() t+10000000
* [ 1] deadman() t+1000000000
* [ 2] clock_highres_fire() t+100
* [ 3] clock_highres_fire() t+1000
* [ 4] clock_highres_fire() t+500
* [ 5] (free) --
* [ 6] (free) --
* [ 7] (free) --
*
* The heap array could be:
*
* [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
* +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
* | | | | | | | | |
* | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | x | x | x |
* | | | | | | | | |
* +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
*
* Graphically, this array corresponds to the following (excuse the ASCII art):
*
* 2
* |
* +------------------+------------------+
* 3 4
* |
* +---------+--------+
* 0 1
*
* Note that the heap is laid out by layer: all nodes at a given depth are
* stored in consecutive elements of the array. Moreover, layers of
* consecutive depths are in adjacent element ranges. This property
* guarantees high locality of reference during downheap operations.
* Specifically, we are guaranteed that we can downheap to a depth of
*
* lg (cache_line_size / sizeof (cyc_index_t))
*
* nodes with at most one cache miss. On UltraSPARC (64 byte e-cache line
* size), this corresponds to a depth of four nodes. Thus, if there are
* fewer than sixteen cyclics in the heap, downheaps on UltraSPARC miss at
* most once in the e-cache.
*
* Downheaps are required to compare siblings as they proceed down the
* heap. For downheaps proceeding beyond the one-cache-miss depth, every
* access to a left child could potentially miss in the cache. However,
* if we assume
*
* (cache_line_size / sizeof (cyc_index_t)) > 2,
*
* then all siblings are guaranteed to be on the same cache line. Thus, the
* miss on the left child will guarantee a hit on the right child; downheaps
* will incur at most one cache miss per layer beyond the one-cache-miss
* depth. The total number of cache misses for heap management during a
* downheap operation is thus bounded by
*
* lg (n) - lg (cache_line_size / sizeof (cyc_index_t))
*
* Traditional pointer-based heaps are implemented without regard to
* locality. Downheaps can thus incur two cache misses per layer (one for
* each child), but at most one cache miss at the root. This yields a bound
* of
*
* 2 * lg (n) - 1
*
* on the total cache misses.
*
* This difference may seem theoretically trivial (the difference is, after
* all, constant), but can become substantial in practice -- especially for
* caches with very large cache lines and high miss penalties (e.g. TLBs).
*
* Heaps must always be full, balanced trees. Heap management must therefore
* track the next point-of-insertion into the heap. In pointer-based heaps,
* recomputing this point takes O(lg (n)). Given the layout of the
* array-based implementation, however, the next point-of-insertion is
* always:
*
* heap[number_of_elements]
*
* We exploit this property by implementing the free-list in the usused
* heap elements. Heap insertion, therefore, consists only of filling in
* the cyclic at cyp_cyclics[cyp_heap[number_of_elements]], incrementing
* the number of elements, and performing an upheap. Heap deletion consists
* of decrementing the number of elements, swapping the to-be-deleted element
* with the element at cyp_heap[number_of_elements], and downheaping.
*
* Filling in more details in our earlier example:
*
* +--- free list head
* |
* V
*
* [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
* +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
* | | | | | | | | |
* | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
* | | | | | | | | |
* +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
*
* To insert into this heap, we would just need to fill in the cyclic at
* cyp_cyclics[5], bump the number of elements (from 5 to 6) and perform
* an upheap.
*
* If we wanted to remove, say, cyp_cyclics[3], we would first scan for it
* in the cyp_heap, and discover it at cyp_heap[1]. We would then decrement
* the number of elements (from 5 to 4), swap cyp_heap[1] with cyp_heap[4],
* and perform a downheap from cyp_heap[1]. The linear scan is required
* because the cyclic does not keep a backpointer into the heap. This makes
* heap manipulation (e.g. downheaps) faster at the expense of removal
* operations.
*
* Expiry processing
*
* As alluded to above, cyclic_expire() is called by cyclic_fire() to expire
* a cyclic. Cyclic subsystem consumers are guaranteed that for an arbitrary
* time t in the future, their cyclic handler will have been called
* (t - cyt_when) / cyt_interval times. cyclic_expire() simply needs to call
* the handler.
*
* Resizing
*
* All of the discussion thus far has assumed a static number of cyclics.
* Obviously, static limitations are not practical; we need the capacity
* to resize our data structures dynamically.
*
* We resize our data structures lazily, and only on a per-CPU basis.
* The size of the data structures always doubles and never shrinks. We
* serialize adds (and thus resizes) on cpu_lock; we never need to deal
* with concurrent resizes. Resizes should be rare; they may induce jitter
* on the CPU being resized, but should not affect cyclic operation on other
* CPUs.
*
* Three key cyc_cpu data structures need to be resized: the cyclics array,
* nad the heap array. Resizing is relatively straightforward:
*
* 1. The new, larger arrays are allocated in cyclic_expand() (called
* from cyclic_add()).
* 2. The contents of the old arrays are copied into the new arrays.
* 3. The old cyclics array is bzero()'d
* 4. The pointers are updated.
*
* Removals
*
* Cyclic removals should be rare. To simplify the implementation (and to
* allow optimization for the cyclic_fire()/cyclic_expire()
* path), we force removals and adds to serialize on cpu_lock.
*
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/sx.h>
#include <sys/cyclic_impl.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/atomic.h>
#include <sys/kmem.h>
#include <sys/cmn_err.h>
#include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
static kmem_cache_t *cyclic_id_cache;
static cyc_id_t *cyclic_id_head;
static cyc_backend_t cyclic_backend;
MALLOC_DEFINE(M_CYCLIC, "cyclic", "Cyclic timer subsystem");
static __inline hrtime_t
cyc_gethrtime(void)
{
struct bintime bt;
binuptime(&bt);
return ((hrtime_t)bt.sec * NANOSEC +
(((uint64_t)NANOSEC * (uint32_t)(bt.frac >> 32)) >> 32));
}
/*
* Returns 1 if the upheap propagated to the root, 0 if it did not. This
* allows the caller to reprogram the backend only when the root has been
* modified.
*/
static int
cyclic_upheap(cyc_cpu_t *cpu, cyc_index_t ndx)
{
cyclic_t *cyclics;
cyc_index_t *heap;
cyc_index_t heap_parent, heap_current = ndx;
cyc_index_t parent, current;
if (heap_current == 0)
return (1);
heap = cpu->cyp_heap;
cyclics = cpu->cyp_cyclics;
heap_parent = CYC_HEAP_PARENT(heap_current);
for (;;) {
current = heap[heap_current];
parent = heap[heap_parent];
/*
* We have an expiration time later than our parent; we're
* done.
*/
if (cyclics[current].cy_expire >= cyclics[parent].cy_expire)
return (0);
/*
* We need to swap with our parent, and continue up the heap.
*/
heap[heap_parent] = current;
heap[heap_current] = parent;
/*
* If we just reached the root, we're done.
*/
if (heap_parent == 0)
return (1);
heap_current = heap_parent;
heap_parent = CYC_HEAP_PARENT(heap_current);
}
}
static void
cyclic_downheap(cyc_cpu_t *cpu, cyc_index_t ndx)
{
cyclic_t *cyclics = cpu->cyp_cyclics;
cyc_index_t *heap = cpu->cyp_heap;
cyc_index_t heap_left, heap_right, heap_me = ndx;
cyc_index_t left, right, me;
cyc_index_t nelems = cpu->cyp_nelems;
for (;;) {
/*
* If we don't have a left child (i.e., we're a leaf), we're
* done.
*/
if ((heap_left = CYC_HEAP_LEFT(heap_me)) >= nelems)
return;
left = heap[heap_left];
me = heap[heap_me];
heap_right = CYC_HEAP_RIGHT(heap_me);
/*
* Even if we don't have a right child, we still need to compare
* our expiration time against that of our left child.
*/
if (heap_right >= nelems)
goto comp_left;
right = heap[heap_right];
/*
* We have both a left and a right child. We need to compare
* the expiration times of the children to determine which
* expires earlier.
*/
if (cyclics[right].cy_expire < cyclics[left].cy_expire) {
/*
* Our right child is the earlier of our children.
* We'll now compare our expiration time to its; if
* ours is the earlier, we're done.
*/
if (cyclics[me].cy_expire <= cyclics[right].cy_expire)
return;
/*
* Our right child expires earlier than we do; swap
* with our right child, and descend right.
*/
heap[heap_right] = me;
heap[heap_me] = right;
heap_me = heap_right;
continue;
}
comp_left:
/*
* Our left child is the earlier of our children (or we have
* no right child). We'll now compare our expiration time
* to its; if ours is the earlier, we're done.
*/
if (cyclics[me].cy_expire <= cyclics[left].cy_expire)
return;
/*
* Our left child expires earlier than we do; swap with our
* left child, and descend left.
*/
heap[heap_left] = me;
heap[heap_me] = left;
heap_me = heap_left;
}
}
static void
cyclic_expire(cyc_cpu_t *cpu, cyc_index_t ndx, cyclic_t *cyclic)
{
cyc_func_t handler = cyclic->cy_handler;
void *arg = cyclic->cy_arg;
(*handler)(arg);
}
/*
* cyclic_fire(cpu_t *)
*
* Overview
*
* cyclic_fire() is the cyclic subsystem's interrupt handler.
* Called by the cyclic backend.
*
* Arguments and notes
*
* The only argument is the CPU on which the interrupt is executing;
* backends must call into cyclic_fire() on the specified CPU.
*
* cyclic_fire() may be called spuriously without ill effect. Optimal
* backends will call into cyclic_fire() at or shortly after the time
* requested via cyb_reprogram(). However, calling cyclic_fire()
* arbitrarily late will only manifest latency bubbles; the correctness
* of the cyclic subsystem does not rely on the timeliness of the backend.
*
* cyclic_fire() is wait-free; it will not block or spin.
*
* Return values
*
* None.
*
*/
static void
cyclic_fire(cpu_t *c)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = c->cpu_cyclic;
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyc_index_t *heap = cpu->cyp_heap;
cyclic_t *cyclic, *cyclics = cpu->cyp_cyclics;
void *arg = be->cyb_arg;
hrtime_t now = cyc_gethrtime();
hrtime_t exp;
if (cpu->cyp_nelems == 0) {
/* This is a spurious fire. */
return;
}
for (;;) {
cyc_index_t ndx = heap[0];
cyclic = &cyclics[ndx];
ASSERT(!(cyclic->cy_flags & CYF_FREE));
if ((exp = cyclic->cy_expire) > now)
break;
cyclic_expire(cpu, ndx, cyclic);
/*
* If this cyclic will be set to next expire in the distant
* past, we have one of two situations:
*
* a) This is the first firing of a cyclic which had
* cy_expire set to 0.
*
* b) We are tragically late for a cyclic -- most likely
* due to being in the debugger.
*
* In either case, we set the new expiration time to be the
* the next interval boundary. This assures that the
* expiration time modulo the interval is invariant.
*
* We arbitrarily define "distant" to be one second (one second
* is chosen because it's shorter than any foray to the
* debugger while still being longer than any legitimate
* stretch).
*/
exp += cyclic->cy_interval;
if (now - exp > NANOSEC) {
hrtime_t interval = cyclic->cy_interval;
exp += ((now - exp) / interval + 1) * interval;
}
cyclic->cy_expire = exp;
cyclic_downheap(cpu, 0);
}
/*
* Now we have a cyclic in the root slot which isn't in the past;
* reprogram the interrupt source.
*/
be->cyb_reprogram(arg, exp);
}
static void
cyclic_expand_xcall(cyc_xcallarg_t *arg)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = arg->cyx_cpu;
cyc_index_t new_size = arg->cyx_size, size = cpu->cyp_size, i;
cyc_index_t *new_heap = arg->cyx_heap;
cyclic_t *cyclics = cpu->cyp_cyclics, *new_cyclics = arg->cyx_cyclics;
/* Disable preemption and interrupts. */
mtx_lock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
/*
* Assert that the new size is a power of 2.
*/
ASSERT((new_size & (new_size - 1)) == 0);
ASSERT(new_size == (size << 1));
ASSERT(cpu->cyp_heap != NULL && cpu->cyp_cyclics != NULL);
bcopy(cpu->cyp_heap, new_heap, sizeof (cyc_index_t) * size);
bcopy(cyclics, new_cyclics, sizeof (cyclic_t) * size);
/*
* Set up the free list, and set all of the new cyclics to be CYF_FREE.
*/
for (i = size; i < new_size; i++) {
new_heap[i] = i;
new_cyclics[i].cy_flags = CYF_FREE;
}
/*
* We can go ahead and plow the value of cyp_heap and cyp_cyclics;
* cyclic_expand() has kept a copy.
*/
cpu->cyp_heap = new_heap;
cpu->cyp_cyclics = new_cyclics;
cpu->cyp_size = new_size;
mtx_unlock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
}
/*
* cyclic_expand() will cross call onto the CPU to perform the actual
* expand operation.
*/
static void
cyclic_expand(cyc_cpu_t *cpu)
{
cyc_index_t new_size, old_size;
cyc_index_t *new_heap, *old_heap;
cyclic_t *new_cyclics, *old_cyclics;
cyc_xcallarg_t arg;
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
old_heap = cpu->cyp_heap;
old_cyclics = cpu->cyp_cyclics;
if ((new_size = ((old_size = cpu->cyp_size) << 1)) == 0) {
new_size = CY_DEFAULT_PERCPU;
ASSERT(old_heap == NULL && old_cyclics == NULL);
}
/*
* Check that the new_size is a power of 2.
*/
ASSERT(((new_size - 1) & new_size) == 0);
new_heap = malloc(sizeof(cyc_index_t) * new_size, M_CYCLIC, M_WAITOK);
new_cyclics = malloc(sizeof(cyclic_t) * new_size, M_CYCLIC, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
arg.cyx_cpu = cpu;
arg.cyx_heap = new_heap;
arg.cyx_cyclics = new_cyclics;
arg.cyx_size = new_size;
be->cyb_xcall(be->cyb_arg, cpu->cyp_cpu,
(cyc_func_t)cyclic_expand_xcall, &arg);
if (old_cyclics != NULL) {
ASSERT(old_heap != NULL);
ASSERT(old_size != 0);
free(old_cyclics, M_CYCLIC);
free(old_heap, M_CYCLIC);
}
}
static void
cyclic_add_xcall(cyc_xcallarg_t *arg)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = arg->cyx_cpu;
cyc_handler_t *hdlr = arg->cyx_hdlr;
cyc_time_t *when = arg->cyx_when;
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyc_index_t ndx, nelems;
cyb_arg_t bar = be->cyb_arg;
cyclic_t *cyclic;
ASSERT(cpu->cyp_nelems < cpu->cyp_size);
/* Disable preemption and interrupts. */
mtx_lock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
nelems = cpu->cyp_nelems++;
if (nelems == 0) {
/*
* If this is the first element, we need to enable the
* backend on this CPU.
*/
be->cyb_enable(bar);
}
ndx = cpu->cyp_heap[nelems];
cyclic = &cpu->cyp_cyclics[ndx];
ASSERT(cyclic->cy_flags == CYF_FREE);
cyclic->cy_interval = when->cyt_interval;
if (when->cyt_when == 0) {
/*
* If a start time hasn't been explicitly specified, we'll
* start on the next interval boundary.
*/
cyclic->cy_expire = (cyc_gethrtime() / cyclic->cy_interval + 1) *
cyclic->cy_interval;
} else {
cyclic->cy_expire = when->cyt_when;
}
cyclic->cy_handler = hdlr->cyh_func;
cyclic->cy_arg = hdlr->cyh_arg;
cyclic->cy_flags = arg->cyx_flags;
if (cyclic_upheap(cpu, nelems)) {
hrtime_t exp = cyclic->cy_expire;
/*
* If our upheap propagated to the root, we need to
* reprogram the interrupt source.
*/
be->cyb_reprogram(bar, exp);
}
mtx_unlock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
arg->cyx_ndx = ndx;
}
static cyc_index_t
cyclic_add_here(cyc_cpu_t *cpu, cyc_handler_t *hdlr,
cyc_time_t *when, uint16_t flags)
{
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyb_arg_t bar = be->cyb_arg;
cyc_xcallarg_t arg;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(!(cpu->cyp_cpu->cpu_flags & CPU_OFFLINE));
ASSERT(when->cyt_when >= 0 && when->cyt_interval > 0);
if (cpu->cyp_nelems == cpu->cyp_size) {
/*
* This is expensive; it will cross call onto the other
* CPU to perform the expansion.
*/
cyclic_expand(cpu);
ASSERT(cpu->cyp_nelems < cpu->cyp_size);
}
/*
* By now, we know that we're going to be able to successfully
* perform the add. Now cross call over to the CPU of interest to
* actually add our cyclic.
*/
arg.cyx_cpu = cpu;
arg.cyx_hdlr = hdlr;
arg.cyx_when = when;
arg.cyx_flags = flags;
be->cyb_xcall(bar, cpu->cyp_cpu, (cyc_func_t)cyclic_add_xcall, &arg);
return (arg.cyx_ndx);
}
static void
cyclic_remove_xcall(cyc_xcallarg_t *arg)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = arg->cyx_cpu;
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyb_arg_t bar = be->cyb_arg;
cyc_index_t ndx = arg->cyx_ndx, nelems = cpu->cyp_nelems, i;
cyc_index_t *heap = cpu->cyp_heap, last;
cyclic_t *cyclic;
ASSERT(nelems > 0);
/* Disable preemption and interrupts. */
mtx_lock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
cyclic = &cpu->cyp_cyclics[ndx];
/*
* Grab the current expiration time. If this cyclic is being
* removed as part of a juggling operation, the expiration time
* will be used when the cyclic is added to the new CPU.
*/
if (arg->cyx_when != NULL) {
arg->cyx_when->cyt_when = cyclic->cy_expire;
arg->cyx_when->cyt_interval = cyclic->cy_interval;
}
/*
* Now set the flags to CYF_FREE. We don't need a membar_enter()
* between zeroing pend and setting the flags because we're at
* CY_HIGH_LEVEL (that is, the zeroing of pend and the setting
* of cy_flags appear atomic to softints).
*/
cyclic->cy_flags = CYF_FREE;
for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++) {
if (heap[i] == ndx)
break;
}
if (i == nelems)
panic("attempt to remove non-existent cyclic");
cpu->cyp_nelems = --nelems;
if (nelems == 0) {
/*
* If we just removed the last element, then we need to
* disable the backend on this CPU.
*/
be->cyb_disable(bar);
}
if (i == nelems) {
/*
* If we just removed the last element of the heap, then
* we don't have to downheap.
*/
goto out;
}
/*
* Swap the last element of the heap with the one we want to
* remove, and downheap (this has the implicit effect of putting
* the newly freed element on the free list).
*/
heap[i] = (last = heap[nelems]);
heap[nelems] = ndx;
if (i == 0) {
cyclic_downheap(cpu, 0);
} else {
if (cyclic_upheap(cpu, i) == 0) {
/*
* The upheap didn't propagate to the root; if it
* didn't propagate at all, we need to downheap.
*/
if (heap[i] == last) {
cyclic_downheap(cpu, i);
}
goto out;
}
}
/*
* We're here because we changed the root; we need to reprogram
* the clock source.
*/
cyclic = &cpu->cyp_cyclics[heap[0]];
ASSERT(nelems != 0);
be->cyb_reprogram(bar, cyclic->cy_expire);
out:
mtx_unlock_spin(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
}
static int
cyclic_remove_here(cyc_cpu_t *cpu, cyc_index_t ndx, cyc_time_t *when, int wait)
{
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyc_xcallarg_t arg;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(wait == CY_WAIT || wait == CY_NOWAIT);
arg.cyx_ndx = ndx;
arg.cyx_cpu = cpu;
arg.cyx_when = when;
arg.cyx_wait = wait;
be->cyb_xcall(be->cyb_arg, cpu->cyp_cpu,
(cyc_func_t)cyclic_remove_xcall, &arg);
return (1);
}
static void
cyclic_configure(cpu_t *c)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = malloc(sizeof(cyc_cpu_t), M_CYCLIC, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
cyc_backend_t *nbe = malloc(sizeof(cyc_backend_t), M_CYCLIC, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
if (cyclic_id_cache == NULL)
cyclic_id_cache = kmem_cache_create("cyclic_id_cache",
sizeof (cyc_id_t), 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
cpu->cyp_cpu = c;
cpu->cyp_size = 1;
cpu->cyp_heap = malloc(sizeof(cyc_index_t), M_CYCLIC, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
cpu->cyp_cyclics = malloc(sizeof(cyclic_t), M_CYCLIC, M_ZERO | M_WAITOK);
cpu->cyp_cyclics->cy_flags = CYF_FREE;
mtx_init(&cpu->cyp_mtx, "cyclic cpu", NULL, MTX_SPIN);
/*
* Setup the backend for this CPU.
*/
bcopy(&cyclic_backend, nbe, sizeof (cyc_backend_t));
if (nbe->cyb_configure != NULL)
nbe->cyb_arg = nbe->cyb_configure(c);
cpu->cyp_backend = nbe;
/*
* On platforms where stray interrupts may be taken during startup,
* the CPU's cpu_cyclic pointer serves as an indicator that the
* cyclic subsystem for this CPU is prepared to field interrupts.
*/
membar_producer();
c->cpu_cyclic = cpu;
}
static void
cyclic_unconfigure(cpu_t *c)
{
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = c->cpu_cyclic;
cyc_backend_t *be = cpu->cyp_backend;
cyb_arg_t bar = be->cyb_arg;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
c->cpu_cyclic = NULL;
/*
* Let the backend know that the CPU is being yanked, and free up
* the backend structure.
*/
if (be->cyb_unconfigure != NULL)
be->cyb_unconfigure(bar);
free(be, M_CYCLIC);
cpu->cyp_backend = NULL;
mtx_destroy(&cpu->cyp_mtx);
/* Finally, clean up our remaining dynamic structures. */
free(cpu->cyp_cyclics, M_CYCLIC);
free(cpu->cyp_heap, M_CYCLIC);
free(cpu, M_CYCLIC);
}
static void
cyclic_omni_start(cyc_id_t *idp, cyc_cpu_t *cpu)
{
cyc_omni_handler_t *omni = &idp->cyi_omni_hdlr;
cyc_omni_cpu_t *ocpu = malloc(sizeof(cyc_omni_cpu_t), M_CYCLIC , M_WAITOK);
cyc_handler_t hdlr;
cyc_time_t when;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(idp->cyi_cpu == NULL);
hdlr.cyh_func = NULL;
hdlr.cyh_arg = NULL;
when.cyt_when = 0;
when.cyt_interval = 0;
omni->cyo_online(omni->cyo_arg, cpu->cyp_cpu, &hdlr, &when);
ASSERT(hdlr.cyh_func != NULL);
ASSERT(when.cyt_when >= 0 && when.cyt_interval > 0);
ocpu->cyo_cpu = cpu;
ocpu->cyo_arg = hdlr.cyh_arg;
ocpu->cyo_ndx = cyclic_add_here(cpu, &hdlr, &when, 0);
ocpu->cyo_next = idp->cyi_omni_list;
idp->cyi_omni_list = ocpu;
}
static void
cyclic_omni_stop(cyc_id_t *idp, cyc_cpu_t *cpu)
{
cyc_omni_handler_t *omni = &idp->cyi_omni_hdlr;
cyc_omni_cpu_t *ocpu = idp->cyi_omni_list, *prev = NULL;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(idp->cyi_cpu == NULL);
ASSERT(ocpu != NULL);
while (ocpu != NULL && ocpu->cyo_cpu != cpu) {
prev = ocpu;
ocpu = ocpu->cyo_next;
}
/*
* We _must_ have found an cyc_omni_cpu which corresponds to this
* CPU -- the definition of an omnipresent cyclic is that it runs
* on all online CPUs.
*/
ASSERT(ocpu != NULL);
if (prev == NULL) {
idp->cyi_omni_list = ocpu->cyo_next;
} else {
prev->cyo_next = ocpu->cyo_next;
}
(void) cyclic_remove_here(ocpu->cyo_cpu, ocpu->cyo_ndx, NULL, CY_WAIT);
/*
* The cyclic has been removed from this CPU; time to call the
* omnipresent offline handler.
*/
if (omni->cyo_offline != NULL)
omni->cyo_offline(omni->cyo_arg, cpu->cyp_cpu, ocpu->cyo_arg);
free(ocpu, M_CYCLIC);
}
static cyc_id_t *
cyclic_new_id(void)
{
cyc_id_t *idp;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
idp = kmem_cache_alloc(cyclic_id_cache, KM_SLEEP);
/*
* The cyi_cpu field of the cyc_id_t structure tracks the CPU
* associated with the cyclic. If and only if this field is NULL, the
* cyc_id_t is an omnipresent cyclic. Note that cyi_omni_list may be
* NULL for an omnipresent cyclic while the cyclic is being created
* or destroyed.
*/
idp->cyi_cpu = NULL;
idp->cyi_ndx = 0;
idp->cyi_next = cyclic_id_head;
idp->cyi_prev = NULL;
idp->cyi_omni_list = NULL;
if (cyclic_id_head != NULL) {
ASSERT(cyclic_id_head->cyi_prev == NULL);
cyclic_id_head->cyi_prev = idp;
}
cyclic_id_head = idp;
return (idp);
}
/*
* cyclic_id_t cyclic_add(cyc_handler_t *, cyc_time_t *)
*
* Overview
*
* cyclic_add() will create an unbound cyclic with the specified handler and
* interval. The cyclic will run on a CPU which both has interrupts enabled
* and is in the system CPU partition.
*
* Arguments and notes
*
* As its first argument, cyclic_add() takes a cyc_handler, which has the
* following members:
*
* cyc_func_t cyh_func <-- Cyclic handler
* void *cyh_arg <-- Argument to cyclic handler
*
* In addition to a cyc_handler, cyclic_add() takes a cyc_time, which
* has the following members:
*
* hrtime_t cyt_when <-- Absolute time, in nanoseconds since boot, at
* which to start firing
* hrtime_t cyt_interval <-- Length of interval, in nanoseconds
*
* gethrtime() is the time source for nanoseconds since boot. If cyt_when
* is set to 0, the cyclic will start to fire when cyt_interval next
* divides the number of nanoseconds since boot.
*
* The cyt_interval field _must_ be filled in by the caller; one-shots are
* _not_ explicitly supported by the cyclic subsystem (cyclic_add() will
* assert that cyt_interval is non-zero). The maximum value for either
* field is INT64_MAX; the caller is responsible for assuring that
* cyt_when + cyt_interval <= INT64_MAX. Neither field may be negative.
*
* For an arbitrary time t in the future, the cyclic handler is guaranteed
* to have been called (t - cyt_when) / cyt_interval times. This will
* be true even if interrupts have been disabled for periods greater than
* cyt_interval nanoseconds. In order to compensate for such periods,
* the cyclic handler may be called a finite number of times with an
* arbitrarily small interval.
*
* The cyclic subsystem will not enforce any lower bound on the interval;
* if the interval is less than the time required to process an interrupt,
* the CPU will wedge. It's the responsibility of the caller to assure that
* either the value of the interval is sane, or that its caller has
* sufficient privilege to deny service (i.e. its caller is root).
*
* Return value
*
* cyclic_add() returns a cyclic_id_t, which is guaranteed to be a value
* other than CYCLIC_NONE. cyclic_add() cannot fail.
*
* Caller's context
*
* cpu_lock must be held by the caller, and the caller must not be in
* interrupt context. cyclic_add() will perform a KM_SLEEP kernel
* memory allocation, so the usual rules (e.g. p_lock cannot be held)
* apply. A cyclic may be added even in the presence of CPUs that have
* not been configured with respect to the cyclic subsystem, but only
* configured CPUs will be eligible to run the new cyclic.
*
* Cyclic handler's context
*
* Cyclic handlers will be executed in the interrupt context corresponding
* to the specified level (i.e. either high, lock or low level). The
* usual context rules apply.
*
* A cyclic handler may not grab ANY locks held by the caller of any of
* cyclic_add() or cyclic_remove(); the implementation of these functions
* may require blocking on cyclic handler completion.
* Moreover, cyclic handlers may not make any call back into the cyclic
* subsystem.
*/
cyclic_id_t
cyclic_add(cyc_handler_t *hdlr, cyc_time_t *when)
{
cyc_id_t *idp = cyclic_new_id();
solaris_cpu_t *c = &solaris_cpu[curcpu];
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(when->cyt_when >= 0 && when->cyt_interval > 0);
idp->cyi_cpu = c->cpu_cyclic;
idp->cyi_ndx = cyclic_add_here(idp->cyi_cpu, hdlr, when, 0);
return ((uintptr_t)idp);
}
/*
* cyclic_id_t cyclic_add_omni(cyc_omni_handler_t *)
*
* Overview
*
* cyclic_add_omni() will create an omnipresent cyclic with the specified
* online and offline handlers. Omnipresent cyclics run on all online
* CPUs, including CPUs which have unbound interrupts disabled.
*
* Arguments
*
* As its only argument, cyclic_add_omni() takes a cyc_omni_handler, which
* has the following members:
*
* void (*cyo_online)() <-- Online handler
* void (*cyo_offline)() <-- Offline handler
* void *cyo_arg <-- Argument to be passed to on/offline handlers
*
* Online handler
*
* The cyo_online member is a pointer to a function which has the following
* four arguments:
*
* void * <-- Argument (cyo_arg)
* cpu_t * <-- Pointer to CPU about to be onlined
* cyc_handler_t * <-- Pointer to cyc_handler_t; must be filled in
* by omni online handler
* cyc_time_t * <-- Pointer to cyc_time_t; must be filled in by
* omni online handler
*
* The omni cyclic online handler is always called _before_ the omni
* cyclic begins to fire on the specified CPU. As the above argument
* description implies, the online handler must fill in the two structures
* passed to it: the cyc_handler_t and the cyc_time_t. These are the
* same two structures passed to cyclic_add(), outlined above. This
* allows the omni cyclic to have maximum flexibility; different CPUs may
* optionally
*
* (a) have different intervals
* (b) be explicitly in or out of phase with one another
* (c) have different handlers
* (d) have different handler arguments
* (e) fire at different levels
*
* Of these, (e) seems somewhat dubious, but is nonetheless allowed.
*
* The omni online handler is called in the same context as cyclic_add(),
* and has the same liberties: omni online handlers may perform KM_SLEEP
* kernel memory allocations, and may grab locks which are also acquired
* by cyclic handlers. However, omni cyclic online handlers may _not_
* call back into the cyclic subsystem, and should be generally careful
* about calling into arbitrary kernel subsystems.
*
* Offline handler
*
* The cyo_offline member is a pointer to a function which has the following
* three arguments:
*
* void * <-- Argument (cyo_arg)
* cpu_t * <-- Pointer to CPU about to be offlined
* void * <-- CPU's cyclic argument (that is, value
* to which cyh_arg member of the cyc_handler_t
* was set in the omni online handler)
*
* The omni cyclic offline handler is always called _after_ the omni
* cyclic has ceased firing on the specified CPU. Its purpose is to
* allow cleanup of any resources dynamically allocated in the omni cyclic
* online handler. The context of the offline handler is identical to
* that of the online handler; the same constraints and liberties apply.
*
* The offline handler is optional; it may be NULL.
*
* Return value
*
* cyclic_add_omni() returns a cyclic_id_t, which is guaranteed to be a
* value other than CYCLIC_NONE. cyclic_add_omni() cannot fail.
*
* Caller's context
*
* The caller's context is identical to that of cyclic_add(), specified
* above.
*/
cyclic_id_t
cyclic_add_omni(cyc_omni_handler_t *omni)
{
cyc_id_t *idp = cyclic_new_id();
cyc_cpu_t *cpu;
cpu_t *c;
int i;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
ASSERT(omni != NULL && omni->cyo_online != NULL);
idp->cyi_omni_hdlr = *omni;
CPU_FOREACH(i) {
c = &solaris_cpu[i];
if ((cpu = c->cpu_cyclic) == NULL)
continue;
cyclic_omni_start(idp, cpu);
}
/*
* We must have found at least one online CPU on which to run
* this cyclic.
*/
ASSERT(idp->cyi_omni_list != NULL);
ASSERT(idp->cyi_cpu == NULL);
return ((uintptr_t)idp);
}
/*
* void cyclic_remove(cyclic_id_t)
*
* Overview
*
* cyclic_remove() will remove the specified cyclic from the system.
*
* Arguments and notes
*
* The only argument is a cyclic_id returned from either cyclic_add() or
* cyclic_add_omni().
*
* By the time cyclic_remove() returns, the caller is guaranteed that the
* removed cyclic handler has completed execution (this is the same
* semantic that untimeout() provides). As a result, cyclic_remove() may
* need to block, waiting for the removed cyclic to complete execution.
* This leads to an important constraint on the caller: no lock may be
* held across cyclic_remove() that also may be acquired by a cyclic
* handler.
*
* Return value
*
* None; cyclic_remove() always succeeds.
*
* Caller's context
*
* cpu_lock must be held by the caller, and the caller must not be in
* interrupt context. The caller may not hold any locks which are also
* grabbed by any cyclic handler. See "Arguments and notes", above.
*/
void
cyclic_remove(cyclic_id_t id)
{
cyc_id_t *idp = (cyc_id_t *)id;
cyc_id_t *prev = idp->cyi_prev, *next = idp->cyi_next;
cyc_cpu_t *cpu = idp->cyi_cpu;
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
if (cpu != NULL) {
(void) cyclic_remove_here(cpu, idp->cyi_ndx, NULL, CY_WAIT);
} else {
ASSERT(idp->cyi_omni_list != NULL);
while (idp->cyi_omni_list != NULL)
cyclic_omni_stop(idp, idp->cyi_omni_list->cyo_cpu);
}
if (prev != NULL) {
ASSERT(cyclic_id_head != idp);
prev->cyi_next = next;
} else {
ASSERT(cyclic_id_head == idp);
cyclic_id_head = next;
}
if (next != NULL)
next->cyi_prev = prev;
kmem_cache_free(cyclic_id_cache, idp);
}
static void
cyclic_init(cyc_backend_t *be)
{
ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&cpu_lock));
/*
* Copy the passed cyc_backend into the backend template. This must
* be done before the CPU can be configured.
*/
bcopy(be, &cyclic_backend, sizeof (cyc_backend_t));
cyclic_configure(&solaris_cpu[curcpu]);
}
/*
* It is assumed that cyclic_mp_init() is called some time after cyclic
* init (and therefore, after cpu0 has been initialized). We grab cpu_lock,
* find the already initialized CPU, and initialize every other CPU with the
* same backend.
*/
static void
cyclic_mp_init(void)
{
cpu_t *c;
int i;
mutex_enter(&cpu_lock);
CPU_FOREACH(i) {
c = &solaris_cpu[i];
if (c->cpu_cyclic == NULL)
cyclic_configure(c);
}
mutex_exit(&cpu_lock);
}
static void
cyclic_uninit(void)
{
cpu_t *c;
int id;
CPU_FOREACH(id) {
c = &solaris_cpu[id];
if (c->cpu_cyclic == NULL)
continue;
cyclic_unconfigure(c);
}
if (cyclic_id_cache != NULL)
kmem_cache_destroy(cyclic_id_cache);
}
#include "cyclic_machdep.c"
/*
* Cyclic subsystem initialisation.
*/
static void
cyclic_load(void *dummy)
{
mutex_enter(&cpu_lock);
/* Initialise the machine-dependent backend. */
cyclic_machdep_init();
mutex_exit(&cpu_lock);
}
SYSINIT(cyclic_register, SI_SUB_CYCLIC, SI_ORDER_SECOND, cyclic_load, NULL);
static void
cyclic_unload(void)
{
mutex_enter(&cpu_lock);
/* Uninitialise the machine-dependent backend. */
cyclic_machdep_uninit();
mutex_exit(&cpu_lock);
}
SYSUNINIT(cyclic_unregister, SI_SUB_CYCLIC, SI_ORDER_SECOND, cyclic_unload, NULL);
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
cyclic_modevent(module_t mod __unused, int type, void *data __unused)
{
int error = 0;
switch (type) {
case MOD_LOAD:
break;
case MOD_UNLOAD:
break;
case MOD_SHUTDOWN:
break;
default:
error = EOPNOTSUPP;
break;
}
return (error);
}
DEV_MODULE(cyclic, cyclic_modevent, NULL);
MODULE_VERSION(cyclic, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(cyclic, opensolaris, 1, 1, 1);