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/*-
* Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
* Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 William Jolitz
* Copyright (c) 1994 John Dyson
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
* the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
* Science Department, and William Jolitz.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* from: @(#)vm_machdep.c 7.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
* Utah $Hdr: vm_machdep.c 1.16.1.1 89/06/23$
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/sys/amd64/amd64/vm_machdep.c 231979 2012-02-21 20:56:03Z kib $");
#include "opt_isa.h"
#include "opt_cpu.h"
#include "opt_compat.h"
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/bio.h>
#include <sys/buf.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/ktr.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/pioctl.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/sf_buf.h>
#include <sys/smp.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/md_var.h>
#include <machine/pcb.h>
#include <machine/smp.h>
#include <machine/specialreg.h>
#include <machine/tss.h>
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <x86/isa/isa.h>
static void cpu_reset_real(void);
#ifdef SMP
static void cpu_reset_proxy(void);
static u_int cpu_reset_proxyid;
static volatile u_int cpu_reset_proxy_active;
#endif
struct savefpu *
get_pcb_user_save_td(struct thread *td)
{
vm_offset_t p;
p = td->td_kstack + td->td_kstack_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
cpu_max_ext_state_size;
KASSERT((p % 64) == 0, ("Unaligned pcb_user_save area"));
return ((struct savefpu *)p);
}
struct savefpu *
get_pcb_user_save_pcb(struct pcb *pcb)
{
vm_offset_t p;
p = (vm_offset_t)(pcb + 1);
return ((struct savefpu *)p);
}
struct pcb *
get_pcb_td(struct thread *td)
{
vm_offset_t p;
p = td->td_kstack + td->td_kstack_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
cpu_max_ext_state_size - sizeof(struct pcb);
return ((struct pcb *)p);
}
void *
alloc_fpusave(int flags)
{
struct pcb *res;
struct savefpu_ymm *sf;
res = malloc(cpu_max_ext_state_size, M_DEVBUF, flags);
if (use_xsave) {
sf = (struct savefpu_ymm *)res;
bzero(&sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd, sizeof(sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd));
sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd.xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
}
return (res);
}
/*
* Finish a fork operation, with process p2 nearly set up.
* Copy and update the pcb, set up the stack so that the child
* ready to run and return to user mode.
*/
void
cpu_fork(td1, p2, td2, flags)
register struct thread *td1;
register struct proc *p2;
struct thread *td2;
int flags;
{
register struct proc *p1;
struct pcb *pcb2;
struct mdproc *mdp1, *mdp2;
struct proc_ldt *pldt;
pmap_t pmap2;
p1 = td1->td_proc;
if ((flags & RFPROC) == 0) {
if ((flags & RFMEM) == 0) {
/* unshare user LDT */
mdp1 = &p1->p_md;
mtx_lock(&dt_lock);
if ((pldt = mdp1->md_ldt) != NULL &&
pldt->ldt_refcnt > 1 &&
user_ldt_alloc(p1, 1) == NULL)
panic("could not copy LDT");
mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
}
return;
}
/* Ensure that td1's pcb is up to date. */
fpuexit(td1);
/* Point the pcb to the top of the stack */
pcb2 = get_pcb_td(td2);
td2->td_pcb = pcb2;
/* Copy td1's pcb */
bcopy(td1->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
/* Properly initialize pcb_save */
pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td1), get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2),
cpu_max_ext_state_size);
/* Point mdproc and then copy over td1's contents */
mdp2 = &p2->p_md;
bcopy(&p1->p_md, mdp2, sizeof(*mdp2));
/*
* Create a new fresh stack for the new process.
* Copy the trap frame for the return to user mode as if from a
* syscall. This copies most of the user mode register values.
*/
td2->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)td2->td_pcb - 1;
bcopy(td1->td_frame, td2->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
td2->td_frame->tf_rax = 0; /* Child returns zero */
td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C; /* success */
td2->td_frame->tf_rdx = 1;
/*
* If the parent process has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger had
* single stepped the process to the system call), we need to clear
* the trap flag from the new frame unless the debugger had set PF_FORK
* on the parent. Otherwise, the child will receive a (likely
* unexpected) SIGTRAP when it executes the first instruction after
* returning to userland.
*/
if ((p1->p_pfsflags & PF_FORK) == 0)
td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
/*
* Set registers for trampoline to user mode. Leave space for the
* return address on stack. These are the kernel mode register values.
*/
pmap2 = vmspace_pmap(p2->p_vmspace);
pcb2->pcb_cr3 = DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)pmap2->pm_pml4);
pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return; /* fork_trampoline argument */
pcb2->pcb_rbp = 0;
pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td2->td_frame - sizeof(void *);
pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td2; /* fork_trampoline argument */
pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
/*-
* pcb2->pcb_dr*: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_savefpu: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_flags: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_onfault: cloned above (always NULL here?).
* pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase: cloned above
*/
/* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
td2->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
td2->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
/* As an i386, do not copy io permission bitmap. */
pcb2->pcb_tssp = NULL;
/* New segment registers. */
set_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
/* Copy the LDT, if necessary. */
mdp1 = &td1->td_proc->p_md;
mdp2 = &p2->p_md;
mtx_lock(&dt_lock);
if (mdp1->md_ldt != NULL) {
if (flags & RFMEM) {
mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_refcnt++;
mdp2->md_ldt = mdp1->md_ldt;
bcopy(&mdp1->md_ldt_sd, &mdp2->md_ldt_sd, sizeof(struct
system_segment_descriptor));
} else {
mdp2->md_ldt = NULL;
mdp2->md_ldt = user_ldt_alloc(p2, 0);
if (mdp2->md_ldt == NULL)
panic("could not copy LDT");
amd64_set_ldt_data(td2, 0, max_ldt_segment,
(struct user_segment_descriptor *)
mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_base);
}
} else
mdp2->md_ldt = NULL;
mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
/*
* Now, cpu_switch() can schedule the new process.
* pcb_rsp is loaded pointing to the cpu_switch() stack frame
* containing the return address when exiting cpu_switch.
* This will normally be to fork_trampoline(), which will have
* %ebx loaded with the new proc's pointer. fork_trampoline()
* will set up a stack to call fork_return(p, frame); to complete
* the return to user-mode.
*/
}
/*
* Intercept the return address from a freshly forked process that has NOT
* been scheduled yet.
*
* This is needed to make kernel threads stay in kernel mode.
*/
void
cpu_set_fork_handler(td, func, arg)
struct thread *td;
void (*func)(void *);
void *arg;
{
/*
* Note that the trap frame follows the args, so the function
* is really called like this: func(arg, frame);
*/
td->td_pcb->pcb_r12 = (long) func; /* function */
td->td_pcb->pcb_rbx = (long) arg; /* first arg */
}
void
cpu_exit(struct thread *td)
{
/*
* If this process has a custom LDT, release it.
*/
mtx_lock(&dt_lock);
if (td->td_proc->p_md.md_ldt != 0)
user_ldt_free(td);
else
mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
}
void
cpu_thread_exit(struct thread *td)
{
struct pcb *pcb;
critical_enter();
if (td == PCPU_GET(fpcurthread))
fpudrop();
critical_exit();
pcb = td->td_pcb;
/* Disable any hardware breakpoints. */
if (pcb->pcb_flags & PCB_DBREGS) {
reset_dbregs();
clear_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_DBREGS);
}
}
void
cpu_thread_clean(struct thread *td)
{
struct pcb *pcb;
pcb = td->td_pcb;
/*
* Clean TSS/iomap
*/
if (pcb->pcb_tssp != NULL) {
kmem_free(kernel_map, (vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_tssp,
ctob(IOPAGES + 1));
pcb->pcb_tssp = NULL;
}
}
void
cpu_thread_swapin(struct thread *td)
{
}
void
cpu_thread_swapout(struct thread *td)
{
}
void
cpu_thread_alloc(struct thread *td)
{
struct pcb *pcb;
struct xstate_hdr *xhdr;
td->td_pcb = pcb = get_pcb_td(td);
td->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)pcb - 1;
pcb->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb);
if (use_xsave) {
xhdr = (struct xstate_hdr *)(pcb->pcb_save + 1);
bzero(xhdr, sizeof(*xhdr));
xhdr->xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
}
}
void
cpu_thread_free(struct thread *td)
{
cpu_thread_clean(td);
}
void
cpu_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td, int error)
{
switch (error) {
case 0:
td->td_frame->tf_rax = td->td_retval[0];
td->td_frame->tf_rdx = td->td_retval[1];
td->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C;
break;
case ERESTART:
/*
* Reconstruct pc, we know that 'syscall' is 2 bytes,
* lcall $X,y is 7 bytes, int 0x80 is 2 bytes.
* We saved this in tf_err.
* %r10 (which was holding the value of %rcx) is restored
* for the next iteration.
* %r10 restore is only required for freebsd/amd64 processes,
* but shall be innocent for any ia32 ABI.
*/
td->td_frame->tf_rip -= td->td_frame->tf_err;
td->td_frame->tf_r10 = td->td_frame->tf_rcx;
break;
case EJUSTRETURN:
break;
default:
if (td->td_proc->p_sysent->sv_errsize) {
if (error >= td->td_proc->p_sysent->sv_errsize)
error = -1; /* XXX */
else
error = td->td_proc->p_sysent->sv_errtbl[error];
}
td->td_frame->tf_rax = error;
td->td_frame->tf_rflags |= PSL_C;
break;
}
}
/*
* Initialize machine state (pcb and trap frame) for a new thread about to
* upcall. Put enough state in the new thread's PCB to get it to go back
* userret(), where we can intercept it again to set the return (upcall)
* Address and stack, along with those from upcals that are from other sources
* such as those generated in thread_userret() itself.
*/
void
cpu_set_upcall(struct thread *td, struct thread *td0)
{
struct pcb *pcb2;
/* Point the pcb to the top of the stack. */
pcb2 = td->td_pcb;
/*
* Copy the upcall pcb. This loads kernel regs.
* Those not loaded individually below get their default
* values here.
*/
bcopy(td0->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
clear_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FPUINITDONE | PCB_USERFPUINITDONE);
pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td0), pcb2->pcb_save,
cpu_max_ext_state_size);
set_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
/*
* Create a new fresh stack for the new thread.
*/
bcopy(td0->td_frame, td->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
/* If the current thread has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger had
* single stepped the process to the system call), we need to clear
* the trap flag from the new frame. Otherwise, the new thread will
* receive a (likely unexpected) SIGTRAP when it executes the first
* instruction after returning to userland.
*/
td->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
/*
* Set registers for trampoline to user mode. Leave space for the
* return address on stack. These are the kernel mode register values.
*/
pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return; /* trampoline arg */
pcb2->pcb_rbp = 0;
pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td->td_frame - sizeof(void *); /* trampoline arg */
pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td; /* trampoline arg */
pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
/*
* If we didn't copy the pcb, we'd need to do the following registers:
* pcb2->pcb_cr3: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_dr*: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_savefpu: cloned above.
* pcb2->pcb_onfault: cloned above (always NULL here?).
* pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase: cloned above
*/
/* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
td->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
td->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
}
/*
* Set that machine state for performing an upcall that has to
* be done in thread_userret() so that those upcalls generated
* in thread_userret() itself can be done as well.
*/
void
cpu_set_upcall_kse(struct thread *td, void (*entry)(void *), void *arg,
stack_t *stack)
{
/*
* Do any extra cleaning that needs to be done.
* The thread may have optional components
* that are not present in a fresh thread.
* This may be a recycled thread so make it look
* as though it's newly allocated.
*/
cpu_thread_clean(td);
#ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
/*
* Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the uts
* function.
*/
td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
(((uintptr_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size - 4) & ~0x0f) - 4;
td->td_frame->tf_rip = (uintptr_t)entry;
/*
* Pass the address of the mailbox for this kse to the uts
* function as a parameter on the stack.
*/
suword32((void *)(td->td_frame->tf_rsp + sizeof(int32_t)),
(uint32_t)(uintptr_t)arg);
return;
}
#endif
/*
* Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the uts
* function.
*/
td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
((register_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size) & ~0x0f;
td->td_frame->tf_rsp -= 8;
td->td_frame->tf_rip = (register_t)entry;
td->td_frame->tf_ds = _udatasel;
td->td_frame->tf_es = _udatasel;
td->td_frame->tf_fs = _ufssel;
td->td_frame->tf_gs = _ugssel;
td->td_frame->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
/*
* Pass the address of the mailbox for this kse to the uts
* function as a parameter on the stack.
*/
td->td_frame->tf_rdi = (register_t)arg;
}
int
cpu_set_user_tls(struct thread *td, void *tls_base)
{
struct pcb *pcb;
if ((u_int64_t)tls_base >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
return (EINVAL);
pcb = td->td_pcb;
set_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
#ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
pcb->pcb_gsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
return (0);
}
#endif
pcb->pcb_fsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
return (0);
}
#ifdef SMP
static void
cpu_reset_proxy()
{
cpuset_t tcrp;
cpu_reset_proxy_active = 1;
while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 1)
; /* Wait for other cpu to see that we've started */
CPU_SETOF(cpu_reset_proxyid, &tcrp);
stop_cpus(tcrp);
printf("cpu_reset_proxy: Stopped CPU %d\n", cpu_reset_proxyid);
DELAY(1000000);
cpu_reset_real();
}
#endif
void
cpu_reset()
{
#ifdef SMP
cpuset_t map;
u_int cnt;
if (smp_active) {
map = all_cpus;
CPU_CLR(PCPU_GET(cpuid), &map);
CPU_NAND(&map, &stopped_cpus);
if (!CPU_EMPTY(&map)) {
printf("cpu_reset: Stopping other CPUs\n");
stop_cpus(map);
}
if (PCPU_GET(cpuid) != 0) {
cpu_reset_proxyid = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
cpustop_restartfunc = cpu_reset_proxy;
cpu_reset_proxy_active = 0;
printf("cpu_reset: Restarting BSP\n");
/* Restart CPU #0. */
CPU_SETOF(0, &started_cpus);
wmb();
cnt = 0;
while (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0 && cnt < 10000000)
cnt++; /* Wait for BSP to announce restart */
if (cpu_reset_proxy_active == 0)
printf("cpu_reset: Failed to restart BSP\n");
enable_intr();
cpu_reset_proxy_active = 2;
while (1);
/* NOTREACHED */
}
DELAY(1000000);
}
#endif
cpu_reset_real();
/* NOTREACHED */
}
static void
cpu_reset_real()
{
struct region_descriptor null_idt;
int b;
disable_intr();
/*
* Attempt to do a CPU reset via the keyboard controller,
* do not turn off GateA20, as any machine that fails
* to do the reset here would then end up in no man's land.
*/
outb(IO_KBD + 4, 0xFE);
DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
/*
* Attempt to force a reset via the Reset Control register at
* I/O port 0xcf9. Bit 2 forces a system reset when it
* transitions from 0 to 1. Bit 1 selects the type of reset
* to attempt: 0 selects a "soft" reset, and 1 selects a
* "hard" reset. We try a "hard" reset. The first write sets
* bit 1 to select a "hard" reset and clears bit 2. The
* second write forces a 0 -> 1 transition in bit 2 to trigger
* a reset.
*/
outb(0xcf9, 0x2);
outb(0xcf9, 0x6);
DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
/*
* Attempt to force a reset via the Fast A20 and Init register
* at I/O port 0x92. Bit 1 serves as an alternate A20 gate.
* Bit 0 asserts INIT# when set to 1. We are careful to only
* preserve bit 1 while setting bit 0. We also must clear bit
* 0 before setting it if it isn't already clear.
*/
b = inb(0x92);
if (b != 0xff) {
if ((b & 0x1) != 0)
outb(0x92, b & 0xfe);
outb(0x92, b | 0x1);
DELAY(500000); /* wait 0.5 sec to see if that did it */
}
printf("No known reset method worked, attempting CPU shutdown\n");
DELAY(1000000); /* wait 1 sec for printf to complete */
/* Wipe the IDT. */
null_idt.rd_limit = 0;
null_idt.rd_base = 0;
lidt(&null_idt);
/* "good night, sweet prince .... <THUNK!>" */
breakpoint();
/* NOTREACHED */
while(1);
}
/*
* Allocate an sf_buf for the given vm_page. On this machine, however, there
* is no sf_buf object. Instead, an opaque pointer to the given vm_page is
* returned.
*/
struct sf_buf *
sf_buf_alloc(struct vm_page *m, int pri)
{
return ((struct sf_buf *)m);
}
/*
* Free the sf_buf. In fact, do nothing because there are no resources
* associated with the sf_buf.
*/
void
sf_buf_free(struct sf_buf *sf)
{
}
/*
* Software interrupt handler for queued VM system processing.
*/
void
swi_vm(void *dummy)
{
if (busdma_swi_pending != 0)
busdma_swi();
}
/*
* Tell whether this address is in some physical memory region.
* Currently used by the kernel coredump code in order to avoid
* dumping the ``ISA memory hole'' which could cause indefinite hangs,
* or other unpredictable behaviour.
*/
int
is_physical_memory(vm_paddr_t addr)
{
#ifdef DEV_ISA
/* The ISA ``memory hole''. */
if (addr >= 0xa0000 && addr < 0x100000)
return 0;
#endif
/*
* stuff other tests for known memory-mapped devices (PCI?)
* here
*/
return 1;
}