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<title>Starting Apache - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
<p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
<p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/invoking.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Starting Apache</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<p>On Windows, Apache is normally run as a service on Windows
NT, 2000 and XP, or as a console application on Windows 9x and
ME. For details, see <a href="platform/windows.html#winsvc">Running Apache as a Service</a>
and <a href="platform/windows.html#wincons">Running Apache as a
Console Application</a>.</p>
<p>On Unix, the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> program
is run as a daemon that executes continuously in the
background to handle requests. This document describes how
to invoke <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">How Apache Starts</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#errors">Errors During Start-up</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#info">Additional Information</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="stopping.html">Stopping and Restarting</a></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="startup" id="startup">How Apache Starts</a></h2>
<p>If the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other
port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in
order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged
port. Once the server has started and performed a few preliminary
activities such as opening its log files, it will launch several
<em>child</em> processes which do the work of listening for and
answering requests from clients. The main <code>httpd</code>
process continues to run as the root user, but the child processes
run as a less privileged user. This is controlled by the selected
<a href="mpm.html">Multi-Processing Module</a>.</p>
<p>The recommended method of invoking the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
executable is to use the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> control script. This
script sets certain environment variables that are necessary for
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> to function correctly under some operating
systems, and then invokes the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary.
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> will pass through any command line
arguments, so any <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> options may also be used with
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code>. You may also directly edit the
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script by changing the <code>HTTPD</code>
variable near the top to specify the correct location of the
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary and any command-line arguments that you
wish to be <em>always</em> present.</p>
<p>The first thing that <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> does when it is
invoked is to locate and read the <a href="configuring.html">configuration file</a>
<code>httpd.conf</code>. The location of this file is set at
compile-time, but it is possible to specify its location at run
time using the <code>-f</code> command-line option as in</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -f
/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code></p></div>
<p>If all goes well during startup, the server will detach from
the terminal and the command prompt will return almost
immediately. This indicates that the server is up and running.
You can then use your browser to connect to the server and view
the test page in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directory.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="errors" id="errors">Errors During Start-up</a></h2>
<p>If Apache suffers a fatal problem during startup, it will
write a message describing the problem either to the console or
to the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errorlog">ErrorLog</a></code> before
exiting. One of the most common error messages is "<code>Unable
to bind to Port ...</code>". This message is usually caused by
either:</p>
<ul>
<li>Trying to start the server on a privileged port when not
logged in as the root user; or</li>
<li>Trying to start the server when there is another instance
of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same
Port.</li>
</ul>
<p>For further trouble-shooting instructions, consult the
Apache <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="boot" id="boot">Starting at Boot-Time</a></h2>
<p>If you want your server to continue running after a system
reboot, you should add a call to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> to your
system startup files (typically <code>rc.local</code> or a file in
an <code>rc.N</code> directory). This will start Apache as
root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly
configured for security and access restrictions.</p>
<p>The <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> script is designed to act like a
standard SysV init script; it can take the arguments
<code>start</code>, <code>restart</code>, and <code>stop</code>
and translate them into the appropriate signals to
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. So you can often simply link
<code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> into the appropriate init directory. But be
sure to check the exact requirements of your system.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="info" id="info">Additional Information</a></h2>
<p>Additional information about the command-line options of <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apachectl.html">apachectl</a></code> as well as other support
programs included with the server is available on the
<a href="programs/">Server and Supporting Programs</a> page.
There is also documentation on all the <a href="mod/">modules</a> included with the Apache distribution
and the <a href="mod/directives.html">directives</a> that they
provide.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/invoking.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
<a href="./en/invoking.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="./es/invoking.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
<a href="./fr/invoking.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="./ja/invoking.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
<a href="./ko/invoking.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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<a href="./tr/invoking.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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