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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
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<div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
<p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
<p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_vhost_alias</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../tr/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
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<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides for dynamically configured mass virtual
hosting</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>vhost_alias_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias.c</td></tr></table>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>This module creates dynamically configured virtual hosts, by
allowing the IP address and/or the <code>Host:</code> header of
the HTTP request to be used as part of the pathname to
determine what files to serve. This allows for easy use of a
huge number of virtual hosts with similar configurations.</p>
<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
<p>If <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code> are
used for translating URIs to filenames, they will override the
directives of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> described below. For
example, the following configuration will map <code>
/cgi-bin/script.pl</code> to <code>
/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/script.pl</code> in all cases:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/<br />
VirtualScriptAlias /never/found/%0/cgi-bin/
</code></p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#interpol">Directory Name Interpolation</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualdocumentrootip">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualscriptalias">VirtualScriptAlias</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualscriptaliasip">VirtualScriptAliasIP</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code></li>
<li><a href="../vhosts/mass.html">Dynamically configured mass
virtual hosting</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="interpol" id="interpol">Directory Name Interpolation</a></h2>
<p>All the directives in this module interpolate a string into
a pathname. The interpolated string (henceforth called the
"name") may be either the server name (see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code>
directive for details on how this is determined) or the IP
address of the virtual host on the server in dotted-quad
format. The interpolation is controlled by specifiers inspired
by <code>printf</code> which have a number of formats:</p>
<table>
<tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
<td>insert a <code>%</code></td></tr>
<tr><td><code>%p</code></td>
<td>insert the port number of the virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>%N.M</code></td>
<td>insert (part of) the name</td></tr>
</table>
<p><code>N</code> and <code>M</code> are used to specify
substrings of the name. <code>N</code> selects from the
dot-separated components of the name, and <code>M</code>
selects characters within whatever <code>N</code> has selected.
<code>M</code> is optional and defaults to zero if it isn't
present; the dot must be present if and only if <code>M</code>
is present. The interpretation is as follows:</p>
<table>
<tr><td><code>0</code></td>
<td>the whole name</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>1</code></td>
<td>the first part</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>2</code></td>
<td>the second part</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>-1</code></td>
<td>the last part</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>-2</code></td>
<td>the penultimate part</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>2+</code></td>
<td>the second and all subsequent parts</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>-2+</code></td>
<td>the penultimate and all preceding parts</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>1+</code> and <code>-1+</code></td>
<td>the same as <code>0</code></td></tr>
</table>
<p>If <code>N</code> or <code>M</code> is greater than the number
of parts available a single underscore is interpolated. </p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
<p>For simple name-based virtual hosts you might use the
following directives in your server configuration file:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UseCanonicalName Off<br />
VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%0
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for
<code>http://www.example.com/directory/file.html</code> will be
satisfied by the file
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/www.example.com/directory/file.html</code>.
</p>
<p>For a very large number of virtual hosts it is a good idea
to arrange the files to reduce the size of the
<code>vhosts</code> directory. To do this you might use the
following in your configuration file:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UseCanonicalName Off<br />
VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3/%2
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for
<code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
will be satisfied by the file
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/d/o/m/domain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
<p>A more even spread of files can be achieved by hashing from the
end of the name, for example: </p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.-1/%2.-2/%2.-3/%2
</code></p></div>
<p>The example request would come from
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/n/i/a/domain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
<p>Alternatively you might use: </p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%3+/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3/%2.4+
</code></p></div>
<p>The example request would come from
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/example.com/d/o/m/ain/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
<p>For IP-based virtual hosting you might use the following in
your configuration file:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
UseCanonicalName DNS<br />
VirtualDocumentRootIP /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%1/%2/%3/%4/docs<br />
VirtualScriptAliasIP /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%1/%2/%3/%4/cgi-bin
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for
<code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
would be satisfied by the file
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/10/20/30/40/docs/directory/file.html</code>
if the IP address of <code>www.domain.example.com</code> were
10.20.30.40. A request for
<code>http://www.domain.example.com/cgi-bin/script.pl</code> would
be satisfied by executing the program
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/10/20/30/40/cgi-bin/script.pl</code>.</p>
<p>If you want to include the <code>.</code> character in a
<code>VirtualDocumentRoot</code> directive, but it clashes with
a <code>%</code> directive, you can work around the problem in
the following way:</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%2.0.%3.0
</code></p></div>
<p>A request for
<code>http://www.domain.example.com/directory/file.html</code>
will be satisfied by the file
<code>/usr/local/apache/vhosts/domain.example/directory/file.html</code>.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
directives <code>%V</code> and <code>%A</code> are useful
in conjunction with this module.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualDocumentRoot" id="VirtualDocumentRoot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a> <a name="virtualdocumentroot" id="virtualdocumentroot">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the document root
for a given virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRoot <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRoot none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> directive allows you to
determine where Apache will find your documents based on the
value of the server name. The result of expanding
<em>interpolated-directory</em> is used as the root of the
document tree in a similar manner to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> directive's argument.
If <em>interpolated-directory</em> is <code>none</code> then
<code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRoot</code> is turned off. This directive
cannot be used in the same context as <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentrootip">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualDocumentRootIP" id="VirtualDocumentRootIP">VirtualDocumentRootIP</a> <a name="virtualdocumentrootip" id="virtualdocumentrootip">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the document root
for a given virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRootIP <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualDocumentRootIP none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">VirtualDocumentRootIP</code> directive is like the
<code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></code>
directive, except that it uses the IP address of the server end
of the connection for directory interpolation instead of the server
name.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualScriptAlias" id="VirtualScriptAlias">VirtualScriptAlias</a> <a name="virtualscriptalias" id="virtualscriptalias">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the CGI directory for
a given virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAlias <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAlias none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">VirtualScriptAlias</code> directive allows you to
determine where Apache will find CGI scripts in a similar
manner to <code class="directive"><a href="#virtualdocumentroot">VirtualDocumentRoot</a></code> does for other documents. It matches
requests for URIs starting <code>/cgi-bin/</code>, much like <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code>
<code>/cgi-bin/</code> would.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="VirtualScriptAliasIP" id="VirtualScriptAliasIP">VirtualScriptAliasIP</a> <a name="virtualscriptaliasip" id="virtualscriptaliasip">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Dynamically configure the location of the cgi directory for
a given virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAliasIP <em>interpolated-directory</em>|none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>VirtualScriptAliasIP none</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_vhost_alias</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">VirtualScriptAliasIP</code> directive is like the
<code class="directive"><a href="#virtualscriptalias">VirtualScriptAlias</a></code>
directive, except that it uses the IP address of the server end
of the connection for directory interpolation instead of the server
name.</p>
</div>
</div>
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