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<title>多处理模块(MPM) - Apache HTTP 服务器 版本 2.2</title>
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<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">模块</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">指令</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">常见问题</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">术语</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">网站导航</a></p>
<p class="apache">Apache HTTP 服务器版本 2.2</p>
<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP 服务器</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">文档</a> &gt; <a href="./">版本 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
            <p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
        <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mpm.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>多处理模块(MPM)</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>可用语言: </span><a href="./de/mpm.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./en/mpm.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./es/mpm.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./ja/mpm.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./tr/mpm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./zh-cn/mpm.html" title="Simplified Chinese">&nbsp;zh-cn&nbsp;</a></p>
</div>

<p>本文档介绍了什么是多处理模块,以及 Apache HTTP 服务器如何使用它们。</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">介绍</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#choosing">选择 MPM</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#defaults">默认 MPM</a></li>
</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">评论</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">介绍</a></h2>

    <p>Apache HTTP 服务器被设计为一个功能强大,并且灵活的 web 服务器,
    可以在很多平台与环境中工作。不同平台和不同的环境往往需要不同
    的特性,或可能以不同的方式实现相同的特性最有效率。Apache
    通过模块化的设计来适应各种环境。这种设计允许网站管理员通过在
    编译时或运行时,选择哪些模块将会加载在服务器中,来选择服务器特性。</p>

    <p>Apache 2.0 扩展此模块化设计到最基本的 web 服务器功能。
    它提供了可以选择的多处理模块(MPM),用来绑定到网络端口上,接受请求,
    以及调度子进程处理请求。</p>

    <p>扩展到这一级别的服务器模块化设计,带来两个重要的好处:</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Apache 能更优雅,更高效率的支持不同的平台。尤其是
      Apache 的 Windows 版本现在更有效率了,因为
      <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code> 能使用原生网络特性取代在
      Apache 1.3 中使用的 POSIX 层。它也可以扩展到其它平台
      来使用专用的 MPM。</li>

      <li>Apache 能更好的为有特殊要求的站点定制。例如,要求
      更高伸缩性的站点可以选择使用线程的 MPM,即
      <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> 或 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>;
      需要可靠性或者与旧软件兼容的站点可以使用
      <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>。</li>
    </ul>

    <p>在用户看来,MPM 很像其它 Apache 模块。主要是区别是,在任何时间,
    必须有一个,而且只有一个 MPM 加载到服务器中。可用的 MPM 列表位于
    <a href="mod/">模块索引页面</a>。</p>

</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="choosing" id="choosing">选择 MPM</a></h2>

    <p>MPM 必须在编译前夕,配置时指定,然后编译到服务器程序中。
    仅当编译器知道使用了线程时,它才有能力优化许多函数。</p>

    <p>为了使用指定的 MPM,请在执行 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
      时,使用参数 <code>--with-mpm=<em>NAME</em></code>。<em>NAME</em>
      是指定的 MPM 名称。</p>

    <p>编译完成后,可以使用 <code>./httpd -l</code> 来确定选择的 MPM。
    此命令会列出编译到服务器程序中的所有模块,包括 MPM。</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="defaults" id="defaults">默认 MPM</a></h2>

<p>下表列出了不同系统的默认 MPM。如果你不在编译时选择,那么它就是你将要使用的 MPM。</p>

<table>

<tr><td>BeOS</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/beos.html">beos</a></code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Netware</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_netware.html">mpm_netware</a></code></td></tr>
<tr><td>OS/2</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpmt_os2.html">mpmt_os2</a></code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Unix</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code></td></tr>
<tr><td>Windows</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code></td></tr>
</table>
</div></div>
<div class="bottomlang">
<p><span>可用语言: </span><a href="./de/mpm.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch">&nbsp;de&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./en/mpm.html" hreflang="en" rel="alternate" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./es/mpm.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español">&nbsp;es&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./ja/mpm.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./tr/mpm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a> |
<a href="./zh-cn/mpm.html" title="Simplified Chinese">&nbsp;zh-cn&nbsp;</a></p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">评论</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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