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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> <!-- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX --> <title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title> <link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> <link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> <link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> <script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /><link href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/rewrite/vhosts.html" rel="canonical" /></head> <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p> <img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div> <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> <div id="path"> <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4> <p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p> <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/rewrite/vhosts.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1> <div class="toplang"> <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p> </div> <p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> <a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically configured virtual hosts.</p> <div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid mod_rewrite</a> document.</div> </div> <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li> <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li> </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2> <dl> <dt>Description:</dt> <dd> <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname which resolves in our domain, without having to create new VirtualHost sections.</p> <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each user, and serve their content out of <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p> </dd> <dt>Solution:</dt> <dd> <div class="example"><p><code> RewriteEngine on<br /> <br /> RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> <br /> RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br /> RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1 </code></p></div></dd> <dt>Discussion</dt> <dd> <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS resolution - Apache does not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS records is beyond the scope of this document.</div> <p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p> <p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>, etc.</p> <p> As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead, consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any dynamic content, and Alias resolution. </p> </dd> </dl> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2> <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p> <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p> <div class="example"><p><code> # get the server name from the Host: header<br /> UseCanonicalName Off<br /> <br /> # splittable logs<br /> LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br /> CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br /> <br /> <Directory /www/hosts><br /> <span class="indent"> # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br /> # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br /> Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br /> </span> </Directory><br /> <br /> RewriteEngine On<br /> <br /> # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br /> RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> <br /> ## deal with normal documents first:<br /> # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> # allow CGIs to work<br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> # do the magic<br /> RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br /> <br /> ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br /> </code></p></div> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> <div class="section"> <h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2> <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> features to work out the translation from virtual host to document root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p> <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like this:</p> <div class="example"><p><code> customer-1.example.com /www/customers/1<br /> customer-2.example.com /www/customers/2<br /> # ...<br /> customer-N.example.com /www/customers/N<br /> </code></p></div> <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p> <div class="example"><p><code> RewriteEngine on<br /> <br /> RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br /> <br /> # define the map file<br /> RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br /> <br /> # deal with aliases as above<br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br /> RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> # this does the file-based remap<br /> RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br /> <br /> RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br /> RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br /> RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br /> RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script] </code></p></div> </div></div> <div class="bottomlang"> <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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