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INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* gccinstall: (gccinstall). Installing the GNU Compiler Collection.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Top, Up: (dir)

* Menu:

* Installing GCC:: This document describes the generic installation
procedure for GCC as well as detailing some target
specific installation instructions.

* Specific:: Host/target specific installation notes for GCC.
* Binaries:: Where to get pre-compiled binaries.

* Old:: Old installation documentation.

* GNU Free Documentation License:: How you can copy and share this manual.
* Concept Index:: This index has two entries.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Installing GCC, Next: Binaries, Up: Top

1 Installing GCC
****************

The latest version of this document is always available at
http://gcc.gnu.org/install/.

This document describes the generic installation procedure for GCC
as well as detailing some target specific installation instructions.

GCC includes several components that previously were separate
distributions with their own installation instructions. This document
supersedes all package specific installation instructions.

_Before_ starting the build/install procedure please check the *Note
host/target specific installation notes: Specific. We recommend you
browse the entire generic installation instructions before you proceed.

Lists of successful builds for released versions of GCC are
available at `http://gcc.gnu.org/buildstat.html'. These lists are
updated as new information becomes available.

The installation procedure itself is broken into five steps.

* Menu:

* Prerequisites::
* Downloading the source::
* Configuration::
* Building::
* Testing:: (optional)
* Final install::

Please note that GCC does not support `make uninstall' and probably
won't do so in the near future as this would open a can of worms.
Instead, we suggest that you install GCC into a directory of its own
and simply remove that directory when you do not need that specific
version of GCC any longer, and, if shared libraries are installed there
as well, no more binaries exist that use them.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Prerequisites, Next: Downloading the source, Up: Installing GCC

2 Prerequisites
***************

GCC requires that various tools and packages be available for use in
the build procedure. Modifying GCC sources requires additional tools
described below.

Tools/packages necessary for building GCC
=========================================

ISO C90 compiler
Necessary to bootstrap the GCC package, although versions of GCC
prior to 3.4 also allow bootstrapping with a traditional (K&R) C
compiler.

To make all languages in a cross-compiler or other configuration
where 3-stage bootstrap is not performed, you need to start with
an existing GCC binary (version 2.95 or later) because source code
for language frontends other than C might use GCC extensions.

GNAT
In order to build the Ada compiler (GNAT) you must already have
GNAT installed because portions of the Ada frontend are written in
Ada (with GNAT extensions.) Refer to the Ada installation
instructions for more specific information.

A "working" POSIX compatible shell, or GNU bash
Necessary when running `configure' because some `/bin/sh' shells
have bugs and may crash when configuring the target libraries. In
other cases, `/bin/sh' or even some `ksh' have disastrous
corner-case performance problems. This can cause target
`configure' runs to literally take days to complete in some cases.

So on some platforms `/bin/ksh' is sufficient, on others it isn't.
See the host/target specific instructions for your platform, or
use `bash' to be sure. Then set `CONFIG_SHELL' in your
environment to your "good" shell prior to running
`configure'/`make'.

`zsh' is not a fully compliant POSIX shell and will not work when
configuring GCC.

GNU binutils
Necessary in some circumstances, optional in others. See the
host/target specific instructions for your platform for the exact
requirements.

gzip version 1.2.4 (or later) or
bzip2 version 1.0.2 (or later)
Necessary to uncompress GCC `tar' files when source code is
obtained via FTP mirror sites.

GNU make version 3.79.1 (or later)
You must have GNU make installed to build GCC.

GNU tar version 1.12 (or later)
Necessary (only on some platforms) to untar the source code. Many
systems' `tar' programs will also work, only try GNU `tar' if you
have problems.

Tools/packages necessary for modifying GCC
==========================================

autoconf versions 2.13 and 2.57
GNU m4 version 1.4 (or later)
Necessary when modifying `configure.in', `aclocal.m4', etc. to
regenerate `configure' and `config.in' files. Most directories
require autoconf 2.13 (exactly), but `libiberty', `fastjar',
`libstdc++-v3', `libjava/libltdl', and `gcc' require autoconf 2.57
(exactly).

automake versions 1.4-gcj and 1.7.9
Necessary when modifying a `Makefile.am' file to regenerate its
associated `Makefile.in'.

Much of GCC does not use automake, so directly edit the
`Makefile.in' file. Specifically this applies to the `gcc',
`intl', `libf2c', `libiberty', `libobjc' directories as well as any
of their subdirectories.

The `libstdc++-v3', `libjava/libltdl', and `fastjar' directories
require automake 1.7.9. However, the Java directories, which
include `boehm-gc', `libffi', `libjava', and `zlib', require a
modified version of automake 1.4 downloadable from
`ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/java/automake-gcj-1.4.tar.gz'.

gettext version 0.12 (or later)
Needed to regenerate `gcc.pot'.

gperf version 2.7.2 (or later)
Necessary when modifying `gperf' input files, e.g.
`gcc/cp/cfns.gperf' to regenerate its associated header file, e.g.
`gcc/cp/cfns.h'.

expect version ???
tcl version ???
dejagnu version ???
Necessary to run the GCC testsuite.

autogen version 5.5.4 (or later) and
guile version 1.4.1 (or later)
Necessary to regenerate `fixinc/fixincl.x' from
`fixinc/inclhack.def' and `fixinc/*.tpl'.

Necessary to run the `fixinc' `make check'.

Necessary to regenerate the top level `Makefile.in' file from
`Makefile.tpl' and `Makefile.def'.

GNU Bison version 1.28 (or later)
Berkeley `yacc' (`byacc') is also reported to work other than for
java.

Necessary when modifying `*.y' files.

Necessary to build GCC during development because the generated
output files are not included in the CVS repository. They are
included in releases.

Flex version 2.5.4 (or later)
Necessary when modifying `*.l' files.

Necessary to build GCC during development because the generated
output files are not included in the CVS repository. They are
included in releases.

Texinfo version 4.2 (or later)
Necessary for running `makeinfo' when modifying `*.texi' files to
test your changes.

Necessary to build GCC documentation during development because the
generated output files are not included in the CVS repository.
They are included in releases.

TeX (any working version)
Necessary for running `texi2dvi', used when running `make dvi' to
create DVI files.

cvs version 1.10 (or later)
ssh (any version)
Necessary to access the CVS repository. Public releases and weekly
snapshots of the development sources are also available via FTP.

perl version 5.6.1 (or later)
Necessary when regenerating `Makefile' dependencies in libiberty.
Necessary when regenerating `libiberty/functions.texi'. Necessary
when generating manpages from Texinfo manuals. Used by various
scripts to generate some files included in CVS (mainly
Unicode-related and rarely changing) from source tables.

GNU diffutils version 2.7 (or later)
Necessary when creating changes to GCC source code to submit for
review.

patch version 2.5.4 (or later)
Necessary when applying patches, created with `diff', to one's own
sources.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Downloading the source, Next: Configuration, Prev: Prerequisites, Up: Installing GCC

3 Downloading GCC
*****************

GCC is distributed via CVS and FTP tarballs compressed with `gzip' or
`bzip2'. It is possible to download a full distribution or specific
components.

Please refer to the releases web page for information on how to
obtain GCC.

The full distribution includes the C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran,
Java, and Ada (in case of GCC 3.1 and later) compilers. The full
distribution also includes runtime libraries for C++, Objective-C,
Fortran, and Java. In GCC 3.0 and later versions, GNU compiler
testsuites are also included in the full distribution.

If you choose to download specific components, you must download the
core GCC distribution plus any language specific distributions you wish
to use. The core distribution includes the C language front end as
well as the shared components. Each language has a tarball which
includes the language front end as well as the language runtime (when
appropriate).

Unpack the core distribution as well as any language specific
distributions in the same directory.

If you also intend to build binutils (either to upgrade an existing
installation or for use in place of the corresponding tools of your
OS), unpack the binutils distribution either in the same directory or a
separate one. In the latter case, add symbolic links to any components
of the binutils you intend to build alongside the compiler (`bfd',
`binutils', `gas', `gprof', `ld', `opcodes', ...) to the directory
containing the GCC sources.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Configuration, Next: Building, Prev: Downloading the source, Up: Installing GCC

4 Installing GCC: Configuration
*******************************

Like most GNU software, GCC must be configured before it can be
built. This document describes the recommended configuration procedure
for both native and cross targets.

We use SRCDIR to refer to the toplevel source directory for GCC; we
use OBJDIR to refer to the toplevel build/object directory.

If you obtained the sources via CVS, SRCDIR must refer to the top
`gcc' directory, the one where the `MAINTAINERS' can be found, and not
its `gcc' subdirectory, otherwise the build will fail.

If either SRCDIR or OBJDIR is located on an automounted NFS file
system, the shell's built-in `pwd' command will return temporary
pathnames. Using these can lead to various sorts of build problems.
To avoid this issue, set the `PWDCMD' environment variable to an
automounter-aware `pwd' command, e.g., `pawd' or `amq -w', during the
configuration and build phases.

First, we *highly* recommend that GCC be built into a separate
directory than the sources which does *not* reside within the source
tree. This is how we generally build GCC; building where SRCDIR ==
OBJDIR should still work, but doesn't get extensive testing; building
where OBJDIR is a subdirectory of SRCDIR is unsupported.

If you have previously built GCC in the same directory for a
different target machine, do `make distclean' to delete all files that
might be invalid. One of the files this deletes is `Makefile'; if
`make distclean' complains that `Makefile' does not exist or issues a
message like "don't know how to make distclean" it probably means that
the directory is already suitably clean. However, with the recommended
method of building in a separate OBJDIR, you should simply use a
different OBJDIR for each target.

Second, when configuring a native system, either `cc' or `gcc' must
be in your path or you must set `CC' in your environment before running
configure. Otherwise the configuration scripts may fail.

Note that the bootstrap compiler and the resulting GCC must be link
compatible, else the bootstrap will fail with linker errors about
incompatible object file formats. Several multilibed targets are
affected by this requirement, see *Note host/target specific
installation notes: Specific.

To configure GCC:

% mkdir OBJDIR
% cd OBJDIR
% SRCDIR/configure [OPTIONS] [TARGET]

Target specification
====================

* GCC has code to correctly determine the correct value for TARGET
for nearly all native systems. Therefore, we highly recommend you
not provide a configure target when configuring a native compiler.

* TARGET must be specified as `--target=TARGET' when configuring a
cross compiler; examples of valid targets would be i960-rtems,
m68k-coff, sh-elf, etc.

* Specifying just TARGET instead of `--target=TARGET' implies that
the host defaults to TARGET.

Options specification
=====================

Use OPTIONS to override several configure time options for GCC. A list
of supported OPTIONS follows; `configure --help' may list other
options, but those not listed below may not work and should not
normally be used.

Note that each `--enable' option has a corresponding `--disable'
option and that each `--with' option has a corresponding `--without'
option.

`--prefix=DIRNAME'
Specify the toplevel installation directory. This is the
recommended way to install the tools into a directory other than
the default. The toplevel installation directory defaults to
`/usr/local'.

We *highly* recommend against DIRNAME being the same or a
subdirectory of OBJDIR or vice versa. If specifying a directory
beneath a user's home directory tree, some shells will not expand
DIRNAME correctly if it contains the `~' metacharacter; use
`$HOME' instead.

The following standard `autoconf' options are supported. Normally
you should not need to use these options.
`--exec-prefix=DIRNAME'
Specify the toplevel installation directory for
architecture-dependent files. The default is `PREFIX'.

`--bindir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for the executables called
by users (such as `gcc' and `g++'). The default is
`EXEC-PREFIX/bin'.

`--libdir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for object code libraries
and internal data files of GCC. The default is
`EXEC-PREFIX/lib'.

`--libexecdir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for internal executables
of GCC. The default is `EXEC-PREFIX/libexec'.

`--with-slibdir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for the shared libgcc
library. The default is `LIBDIR'.

`--infodir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for documentation in info
format. The default is `PREFIX/info'.

`--datadir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for some
architecture-independent data files referenced by GCC. The
default is `PREFIX/share'.

`--mandir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for manual pages. The
default is `PREFIX/man'. (Note that the manual pages are
only extracts from the full GCC manuals, which are provided
in Texinfo format. The manpages are derived by an automatic
conversion process from parts of the full manual.)

`--with-gxx-include-dir=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for G++ header files. The
default is `PREFIX/include/c++/VERSION'.

`--program-prefix=PREFIX'
GCC supports some transformations of the names of its programs when
installing them. This option prepends PREFIX to the names of
programs to install in BINDIR (see above). For example, specifying
`--program-prefix=foo-' would result in `gcc' being installed as
`/usr/local/bin/foo-gcc'.

`--program-suffix=SUFFIX'
Appends SUFFIX to the names of programs to install in BINDIR (see
above). For example, specifying `--program-suffix=-3.1' would
result in `gcc' being installed as `/usr/local/bin/gcc-3.1'.

`--program-transform-name=PATTERN'
Applies the `sed' script PATTERN to be applied to the names of
programs to install in BINDIR (see above). PATTERN has to consist
of one or more basic `sed' editing commands, separated by
semicolons. For example, if you want the `gcc' program name to be
transformed to the installed program `/usr/local/bin/myowngcc' and
the `g++' program name to be transformed to
`/usr/local/bin/gspecial++' without changing other program names,
you could use the pattern
`--program-transform-name='s/^gcc$/myowngcc/; s/^g++$/gspecial++/''
to achieve this effect.

All three options can be combined and used together, resulting in
more complex conversion patterns. As a basic rule, PREFIX (and
SUFFIX) are prepended (appended) before further transformations
can happen with a special transformation script PATTERN.

As currently implemented, this option only takes effect for native
builds; cross compiler binaries' names are not transformed even
when a transformation is explicitly asked for by one of these
options.

For native builds, some of the installed programs are also
installed with the target alias in front of their name, as in
`i686-pc-linux-gnu-gcc'. All of the above transformations happen
before the target alias is prepended to the name - so, specifying
`--program-prefix=foo-' and `program-suffix=-3.1', the resulting
binary would be installed as
`/usr/local/bin/i686-pc-linux-gnu-foo-gcc-3.1'.

As a last shortcoming, none of the installed Ada programs are
transformed yet, which will be fixed in some time.

`--with-local-prefix=DIRNAME'
Specify the installation directory for local include files. The
default is `/usr/local'. Specify this option if you want the
compiler to search directory `DIRNAME/include' for locally
installed header files _instead_ of `/usr/local/include'.

You should specify `--with-local-prefix' *only* if your site has a
different convention (not `/usr/local') for where to put
site-specific files.

The default value for `--with-local-prefix' is `/usr/local'
regardless of the value of `--prefix'. Specifying `--prefix' has
no effect on which directory GCC searches for local header files.
This may seem counterintuitive, but actually it is logical.

The purpose of `--prefix' is to specify where to _install GCC_.
The local header files in `/usr/local/include'--if you put any in
that directory--are not part of GCC. They are part of other
programs--perhaps many others. (GCC installs its own header files
in another directory which is based on the `--prefix' value.)

Both the local-prefix include directory and the GCC-prefix include
directory are part of GCC's "system include" directories.
Although these two directories are not fixed, they need to be
searched in the proper order for the correct processing of the
include_next directive. The local-prefix include directory is
searched before the GCC-prefix include directory. Another
characteristic of system include directories is that pedantic
warnings are turned off for headers in these directories.

Some autoconf macros add `-I DIRECTORY' options to the compiler
command line, to ensure that directories containing installed
packages' headers are searched. When DIRECTORY is one of GCC's
system include directories, GCC will ignore the option so that
system directories continue to be processed in the correct order.
This may result in a search order different from what was
specified but the directory will still be searched.

GCC automatically searches for ordinary libraries using
`GCC_EXEC_PREFIX'. Thus, when the same installation prefix is
used for both GCC and packages, GCC will automatically search for
both headers and libraries. This provides a configuration that is
easy to use. GCC behaves in a manner similar to that when it is
installed as a system compiler in `/usr'.

Sites that need to install multiple versions of GCC may not want to
use the above simple configuration. It is possible to use the
`--program-prefix', `--program-suffix' and
`--program-transform-name' options to install multiple versions
into a single directory, but it may be simpler to use different
prefixes and the `--with-local-prefix' option to specify the
location of the site-specific files for each version. It will
then be necessary for users to specify explicitly the location of
local site libraries (e.g., with `LIBRARY_PATH').

The same value can be used for both `--with-local-prefix' and
`--prefix' provided it is not `/usr'. This can be used to avoid
the default search of `/usr/local/include'.

*Do not* specify `/usr' as the `--with-local-prefix'! The
directory you use for `--with-local-prefix' *must not* contain any
of the system's standard header files. If it did contain them,
certain programs would be miscompiled (including GNU Emacs, on
certain targets), because this would override and nullify the
header file corrections made by the `fixincludes' script.

Indications are that people who use this option use it based on
mistaken ideas of what it is for. People use it as if it
specified where to install part of GCC. Perhaps they make this
assumption because installing GCC creates the directory.

`--enable-shared[=PACKAGE[,...]]'
Build shared versions of libraries, if shared libraries are
supported on the target platform. Unlike GCC 2.95.x and earlier,
shared libraries are enabled by default on all platforms that
support shared libraries, except for `libobjc' which is built as a
static library only by default.

If a list of packages is given as an argument, build shared
libraries only for the listed packages. For other packages, only
static libraries will be built. Package names currently
recognized in the GCC tree are `libgcc' (also known as `gcc'),
`libstdc++' (not `libstdc++-v3'), `libffi', `zlib', `boehm-gc' and
`libjava'. Note that `libobjc' does not recognize itself by any
name, so, if you list package names in `--enable-shared', you will
only get static Objective-C libraries. `libf2c' and `libiberty'
do not support shared libraries at all.

Use `--disable-shared' to build only static libraries. Note that
`--disable-shared' does not accept a list of package names as
argument, only `--enable-shared' does.

`--with-gnu-as'
Specify that the compiler should assume that the assembler it
finds is the GNU assembler. However, this does not modify the
rules to find an assembler and will result in confusion if the
assembler found is not actually the GNU assembler. (Confusion may
also result if the compiler finds the GNU assembler but has not
been configured with `--with-gnu-as'.) If you have more than one
assembler installed on your system, you may want to use this
option in connection with `--with-as=PATHNAME'.

The following systems are the only ones where it makes a difference
whether you use the GNU assembler. On any other system,
`--with-gnu-as' has no effect.

* `hppa1.0-ANY-ANY'

* `hppa1.1-ANY-ANY'

* `i386-ANY-sysv'

* `m68k-bull-sysv'

* `m68k-hp-hpux'

* `m68000-hp-hpux'

* `m68000-att-sysv'

* `ANY-lynx-lynxos'

* `mips-ANY'

* `sparc-sun-solaris2.ANY'

* `sparc64-ANY-solaris2.ANY'

On the systems listed above (except for the HP-PA, the SPARC, for
ISC on the 386, and for `mips-sgi-irix5.*'), if you use the GNU
assembler, you should also use the GNU linker (and specify
`--with-gnu-ld').

`--with-as=PATHNAME'
Specify that the compiler should use the assembler pointed to by
PATHNAME, rather than the one found by the standard rules to find
an assembler, which are:
* Check the `LIBEXEC/gcc/TARGET/VERSION' directory, where
LIBEXEC defaults to `EXEC-PREFIX/libexec' and EXEC-PREFIX
defaults to PREFIX which defaults to `/usr/local' unless
overridden by the `--prefix=PATHNAME' switch described above.
TARGET is the target system triple, such as
`sparc-sun-solaris2.7', and VERSION denotes the GCC version,
such as 3.0.

* Check operating system specific directories (e.g.
`/usr/ccs/bin' on Sun Solaris 2).
Note that these rules do not check for the value of `PATH'. You
may want to use `--with-as' if no assembler is installed in the
directories listed above, or if you have multiple assemblers
installed and want to choose one that is not found by the above
rules.

`--with-gnu-ld'
Same as `--with-gnu-as' but for the linker.

`--with-ld=PATHNAME'
Same as `--with-as' but for the linker.

`--with-stabs'
Specify that stabs debugging information should be used instead of
whatever format the host normally uses. Normally GCC uses the
same debug format as the host system.

On MIPS based systems and on Alphas, you must specify whether you
want GCC to create the normal ECOFF debugging format, or to use
BSD-style stabs passed through the ECOFF symbol table. The normal
ECOFF debug format cannot fully handle languages other than C.
BSD stabs format can handle other languages, but it only works
with the GNU debugger GDB.

Normally, GCC uses the ECOFF debugging format by default; if you
prefer BSD stabs, specify `--with-stabs' when you configure GCC.

No matter which default you choose when you configure GCC, the user
can use the `-gcoff' and `-gstabs+' options to specify explicitly
the debug format for a particular compilation.

`--with-stabs' is meaningful on the ISC system on the 386, also, if
`--with-gas' is used. It selects use of stabs debugging
information embedded in COFF output. This kind of debugging
information supports C++ well; ordinary COFF debugging information
does not.

`--with-stabs' is also meaningful on 386 systems running SVR4. It
selects use of stabs debugging information embedded in ELF output.
The C++ compiler currently (2.6.0) does not support the DWARF
debugging information normally used on 386 SVR4 platforms; stabs
provide a workable alternative. This requires gas and gdb, as the
normal SVR4 tools can not generate or interpret stabs.

`--disable-multilib'
Specify that multiple target libraries to support different target
variants, calling conventions, etc should not be built. The
default is to build a predefined set of them.

Some targets provide finer-grained control over which multilibs
are built (e.g., `--disable-softfloat'):
`arc-*-elf*'
biendian.

`arm-*-*'
fpu, 26bit, underscore, interwork, biendian, nofmult.

`m68*-*-*'
softfloat, m68881, m68000, m68020.

`mips*-*-*'
single-float, biendian, softfloat.

`powerpc*-*-*, rs6000*-*-*'
aix64, pthread, softfloat, powercpu, powerpccpu, powerpcos,
biendian, sysv, aix.

`--enable-threads'
Specify that the target supports threads. This affects the
Objective-C compiler and runtime library, and exception handling
for other languages like C++ and Java. On some systems, this is
the default.

In general, the best (and, in many cases, the only known) threading
model available will be configured for use. Beware that on some
systems, GCC has not been taught what threading models are
generally available for the system. In this case,
`--enable-threads' is an alias for `--enable-threads=single'.

`--disable-threads'
Specify that threading support should be disabled for the system.
This is an alias for `--enable-threads=single'.

`--enable-threads=LIB'
Specify that LIB is the thread support library. This affects the
Objective-C compiler and runtime library, and exception handling
for other languages like C++ and Java. The possibilities for LIB
are:

`aix'
AIX thread support.

`dce'
DCE thread support.

`gnat'
Ada tasking support. For non-Ada programs, this setting is
equivalent to `single'. When used in conjunction with the Ada
run time, it causes GCC to use the same thread primitives as
Ada uses. This option is necessary when using both Ada and
the back end exception handling, which is the default for
most Ada targets.

`mach'
Generic MACH thread support, known to work on NeXTSTEP.
(Please note that the file needed to support this
configuration, `gthr-mach.h', is missing and thus this
setting will cause a known bootstrap failure.)

`no'
This is an alias for `single'.

`posix'
Generic POSIX thread support.

`rtems'
RTEMS thread support.

`single'
Disable thread support, should work for all platforms.

`solaris'
Sun Solaris 2 thread support.

`vxworks'
VxWorks thread support.

`win32'
Microsoft Win32 API thread support.

`--with-cpu=CPU'
Specify which cpu variant the compiler should generate code for by
default. CPU will be used as the default value of the `-mcpu='
switch. This option is only supported on some targets, including
ARM, i386, PowerPC, and SPARC.

`--with-schedule=CPU'
`--with-arch=CPU'
`--with-tune=CPU'
`--with-abi=ABI'
`--with-float=TYPE'
These configure options provide default values for the
`-mschedule=', `-march=', `-mtune=', and `-mabi=' options and for
`-mhard-float' or `-msoft-float'. As with `--with-cpu', which
switches will be accepted and acceptable values of the arguments
depend on the target.

`--enable-altivec'
Specify that the target supports AltiVec vector enhancements. This
option will adjust the ABI for AltiVec enhancements, as well as
generate AltiVec code when appropriate. This option is only
available for PowerPC systems.

`--enable-__cxa_atexit'
Define if you want to use __cxa_atexit, rather than atexit, to
register C++ destructors for local statics and global objects.
This is essential for fully standards-compliant handling of
destructors, but requires __cxa_atexit in libc. This option is
currently only available on systems with GNU libc. When enabled,
this will cause `-fuse-cxa-exit' to be passed by default.

`--enable-target-optspace'
Specify that target libraries should be optimized for code space
instead of code speed. This is the default for the m32r platform.

`--disable-cpp'
Specify that a user visible `cpp' program should not be installed.

`--with-cpp-install-dir=DIRNAME'
Specify that the user visible `cpp' program should be installed in
`PREFIX/DIRNAME/cpp', in addition to BINDIR.

`--enable-initfini-array'
Force the use of sections `.init_array' and `.fini_array' (instead
of `.init' and `.fini') for constructors and destructors. Option
`--disable-initfini-array' has the opposite effect. If neither
option is specified, the configure script will try to guess
whether the `.init_array' and `.fini_array' sections are supported
and, if they are, use them.

`--enable-maintainer-mode'
The build rules that regenerate the GCC master message catalog
`gcc.pot' are normally disabled. This is because it can only be
rebuilt if the complete source tree is present. If you have
changed the sources and want to rebuild the catalog, configuring
with `--enable-maintainer-mode' will enable this. Note that you
need a recent version of the `gettext' tools to do so.

`--enable-generated-files-in-srcdir'
Neither the .c and .h files that are generated from bison and flex
nor the info manuals and man pages that are built from the .texi
files are present in the CVS development tree. When building GCC
from that development tree, or from a snapshot which are created
from CVS, then those generated files are placed in your build
directory, which allows for the source to be in a readonly
directory.

If you configure with `--enable-generated-files-in-srcdir' then
those generated files will go into the source directory. This is
mainly intended for generating release or prerelease tarballs of
the GCC sources, since it is not a requirement that the users of
source releases to have flex, bison, or makeinfo.

`--enable-version-specific-runtime-libs'
Specify that runtime libraries should be installed in the compiler
specific subdirectory (`LIBDIR/gcc') rather than the usual places.
In addition, `libstdc++''s include files will be installed into
`LIBDIR' unless you overruled it by using
`--with-gxx-include-dir=DIRNAME'. Using this option is
particularly useful if you intend to use several versions of GCC in
parallel. This is currently supported by `libf2c' and `libstdc++',
and is the default for `libobjc' which cannot be changed in this
case.

`--enable-languages=LANG1,LANG2,...'
Specify that only a particular subset of compilers and their
runtime libraries should be built. For a list of valid values for
LANGN you can issue the following command in the `gcc' directory
of your GCC source tree:
grep language= */config-lang.in
Currently, you can use any of the following: `ada', `c', `c++',
`f77', `java', `objc'. Building the Ada compiler has special
requirements, see below.
If you do not pass this flag, all languages available in the `gcc'
sub-tree will be configured. Re-defining `LANGUAGES' when calling
`make bootstrap' *does not* work anymore, as those language
sub-directories might not have been configured!

`--with-dwarf2'
Specify that the compiler should use DWARF 2 debugging information
as the default.

`--enable-win32-registry'
`--enable-win32-registry=KEY'
`--disable-win32-registry'
The `--enable-win32-registry' option enables Microsoft
Windows-hosted GCC to look up installations paths in the registry
using the following key:

`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Free Software Foundation\KEY'

KEY defaults to GCC version number, and can be overridden by the
`--enable-win32-registry=KEY' option. Vendors and distributors who
use custom installers are encouraged to provide a different key,
perhaps one comprised of vendor name and GCC version number, to
avoid conflict with existing installations. This feature is
enabled by default, and can be disabled by
`--disable-win32-registry' option. This option has no effect on
the other hosts.

`--nfp'
Specify that the machine does not have a floating point unit. This
option only applies to `m68k-sun-sunosN'. On any other system,
`--nfp' has no effect.

`--enable-werror'
`--disable-werror'
`--enable-werror=yes'
`--enable-werror=no'
When you specify this option, it controls whether certain files in
the compiler are built with `-Werror' in bootstrap stage2 and
later. If you don't specify it, `-Werror' is turned on for the
main development trunk. However it defaults to off for release
branches and final releases. The specific files which get
`-Werror' are controlled by the Makefiles.

`--enable-checking'
`--enable-checking=LIST'
When you specify this option, the compiler is built to perform
checking of tree node types when referencing fields of that node,
and some other internal consistency checks. This does not change
the generated code, but adds error checking within the compiler.
This will slow down the compiler and may only work properly if you
are building the compiler with GCC. This is on by default when
building from CVS or snapshots, but off for releases. More
control over the checks may be had by specifying LIST; the
categories of checks available are `misc', `tree', `gc', `rtl',
`rtlflag', `fold', `gcac' and `valgrind'. The check `valgrind'
requires the external `valgrind' simulator, available from
`http://valgrind.org/'. The default when LIST is not specified is
`misc,tree,gc,rtlflag'; the checks `rtl', `gcac' and `valgrind'
are very expensive.

`--enable-coverage'
`--enable-coverage=LEVEL'
With this option, the compiler is built to collect self coverage
information, every time it is run. This is for internal development
purposes, and only works when the compiler is being built with
gcc. The LEVEL argument controls whether the compiler is built
optimized or not, values are `opt' and `noopt'. For coverage
analysis you want to disable optimization, for performance
analysis you want to enable optimization. When coverage is
enabled, the default level is without optimization.

`--enable-gather-detailed-mem-stats'
When this option is specified more detailed information on memory
allocation is gathered. This information is printed when using
`-fmem-report'.

`--enable-nls'
`--disable-nls'
The `--enable-nls' option enables Native Language Support (NLS),
which lets GCC output diagnostics in languages other than American
English. Native Language Support is enabled by default if not
doing a canadian cross build. The `--disable-nls' option disables
NLS.

`--with-included-gettext'
If NLS is enabled, the `--with-included-gettext' option causes the
build procedure to prefer its copy of GNU `gettext'.

`--with-catgets'
If NLS is enabled, and if the host lacks `gettext' but has the
inferior `catgets' interface, the GCC build procedure normally
ignores `catgets' and instead uses GCC's copy of the GNU `gettext'
library. The `--with-catgets' option causes the build procedure
to use the host's `catgets' in this situation.

`--with-libiconv-prefix=DIR'
Search for libiconv header files in `DIR/include' and libiconv
library files in `DIR/lib'.

`--enable-obsolete'
Enable configuration for an obsoleted system. If you attempt to
configure GCC for a system (build, host, or target) which has been
obsoleted, and you do not specify this flag, configure will halt
with an error message.

All support for systems which have been obsoleted in one release
of GCC is removed entirely in the next major release, unless
someone steps forward to maintain the port.

Cross-Compiler-Specific Options
-------------------------------

The following options only apply to building cross compilers.
`--with-sysroot'
`--with-sysroot=DIR'
Tells GCC to consider DIR as the root of a tree that contains a
(subset of) the root filesystem of the target operating system.
Target system headers, libraries and run-time object files will be
searched in there. The specified directory is not copied into the
install tree, unlike the options `--with-headers' and
`--with-libs' that this option obsoletes. The default value, in
case `--with-sysroot' is not given an argument, is
`${gcc_tooldir}/sys-root'. If the specified directory is a
subdirectory of `${exec_prefix}', then it will be found relative to
the GCC binaries if the installation tree is moved.

`--with-headers'
`--with-headers=DIR'
Deprecated in favor of `--with-sysroot'. Specifies that target
headers are available when building a cross compiler. The DIR
argument specifies a directory which has the target include files.
These include files will be copied into the `gcc' install
directory. _This option with the DIR argument is required_ when
building a cross compiler, if `PREFIX/TARGET/sys-include' doesn't
pre-exist. If `PREFIX/TARGET/sys-include' does pre-exist, the DIR
argument may be omitted. `fixincludes' will be run on these files
to make them compatible with GCC.

`--without-headers'
Tells GCC not use any target headers from a libc when building a
cross compiler. When crossing to GNU/Linux, you need the headers
so GCC can build the exception handling for libgcc. See CrossGCC
for more information on this option.

`--with-libs'
`--with-libs=``DIR1 DIR2 ... DIRN'''
Deprecated in favor of `--with-sysroot'. Specifies a list of
directories which contain the target runtime libraries. These
libraries will be copied into the `gcc' install directory. If the
directory list is omitted, this option has no effect.

`--with-newlib'
Specifies that `newlib' is being used as the target C library.
This causes `__eprintf' to be omitted from `libgcc.a' on the
assumption that it will be provided by `newlib'.

Java-Specific Options
---------------------

The following option applies to the build of the Java front end.

`--disable-libgcj'
Specify that the run-time libraries used by GCJ should not be
built. This is useful in case you intend to use GCJ with some
other run-time, or you're going to install it separately, or it
just happens not to build on your particular machine. In general,
if the Java front end is enabled, the GCJ libraries will be
enabled too, unless they're known to not work on the target
platform. If GCJ is enabled but `libgcj' isn't built, you may
need to port it; in this case, before modifying the top-level
`configure.in' so that `libgcj' is enabled by default on this
platform, you may use `--enable-libgcj' to override the default.

The following options apply to building `libgcj'.

General Options
...............

`--disable-getenv-properties'
Don't set system properties from `GCJ_PROPERTIES'.

`--enable-hash-synchronization'
Use a global hash table for monitor locks. Ordinarily, `libgcj''s
`configure' script automatically makes the correct choice for this
option for your platform. Only use this if you know you need the
library to be configured differently.

`--enable-interpreter'
Enable the Java interpreter. The interpreter is automatically
enabled by default on all platforms that support it. This option
is really only useful if you want to disable the interpreter
(using `--disable-interpreter').

`--disable-java-net'
Disable java.net. This disables the native part of java.net only,
using non-functional stubs for native method implementations.

`--disable-jvmpi'
Disable JVMPI support.

`--with-ecos'
Enable runtime eCos target support.

`--without-libffi'
Don't use `libffi'. This will disable the interpreter and JNI
support as well, as these require `libffi' to work.

`--enable-libgcj-debug'
Enable runtime debugging code.

`--enable-libgcj-multifile'
If specified, causes all `.java' source files to be compiled into
`.class' files in one invocation of `gcj'. This can speed up build
time, but is more resource-intensive. If this option is
unspecified or disabled, `gcj' is invoked once for each `.java'
file to compile into a `.class' file.

`--with-libiconv-prefix=DIR'
Search for libiconv in `DIR/include' and `DIR/lib'.

`--enable-sjlj-exceptions'
Force use of `builtin_setjmp' for exceptions. `configure'
ordinarily picks the correct value based on the platform. Only use
this option if you are sure you need a different setting.

`--with-system-zlib'
Use installed `zlib' rather than that included with GCC.

`--with-win32-nlsapi=ansi, unicows or unicode'
Indicates how MinGW `libgcj' translates between UNICODE characters
and the Win32 API.
`ansi'
Use the single-byte `char' and the Win32 A functions natively,
translating to and from UNICODE when using these functions. If
unspecified, this is the default.

`unicows'
Use the `WCHAR' and Win32 W functions natively. Adds
`-lunicows' to `libgcj.spec' to link with `libunicows'.
`unicows.dll' needs to be deployed on Microsoft Windows 9X
machines running built executables. `libunicows.a', an
open-source import library around Microsoft's `unicows.dll',
is obtained from `http://libunicows.sourceforge.net/', which
also gives details on getting `unicows.dll' from Microsoft.

`unicode'
Use the `WCHAR' and Win32 W functions natively. Does _not_
add `-lunicows' to `libgcj.spec'. The built executables will
only run on Microsoft Windows NT and above.

AWT-Specific Options
....................

`--with-x'
Use the X Window System.

`--enable-java-awt=PEER(S)'
Specifies the AWT peer library or libraries to build alongside
`libgcj'. If this option is unspecified or disabled, AWT will be
non-functional. Current valid values are `gtk' and `xlib'.
Multiple libraries should be separated by a comma (i.e.
`--enable-java-awt=gtk,xlib').

`--enable-gtk-cairo'
Build the cairo Graphics2D implementation on GTK.

`--enable-java-gc=TYPE'
Choose garbage collector. Defaults to `boehm' if unspecified.

`--disable-gtktest'
Do not try to compile and run a test GTK+ program.

`--disable-glibtest'
Do not try to compile and run a test GLIB program.

`--with-libart-prefix=PFX'
Prefix where libart is installed (optional).

`--with-libart-exec-prefix=PFX'
Exec prefix where libart is installed (optional).

`--disable-libarttest'
Do not try to compile and run a test libart program.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Building, Next: Testing, Prev: Configuration, Up: Installing GCC

5 Building
**********

Now that GCC is configured, you are ready to build the compiler and
runtime libraries.

Some commands executed when making the compiler may fail (return a
nonzero status) and be ignored by `make'. These failures, which are
often due to files that were not found, are expected, and can safely be
ignored.

It is normal to have compiler warnings when compiling certain files.
Unless you are a GCC developer, you can generally ignore these warnings
unless they cause compilation to fail. Developers should attempt to fix
any warnings encountered, however they can temporarily continue past
warnings-as-errors by specifying the configure flag `--disable-werror'.

On certain old systems, defining certain environment variables such
as `CC' can interfere with the functioning of `make'.

If you encounter seemingly strange errors when trying to build the
compiler in a directory other than the source directory, it could be
because you have previously configured the compiler in the source
directory. Make sure you have done all the necessary preparations.

If you build GCC on a BSD system using a directory stored in an old
System V file system, problems may occur in running `fixincludes' if the
System V file system doesn't support symbolic links. These problems
result in a failure to fix the declaration of `size_t' in
`sys/types.h'. If you find that `size_t' is a signed type and that
type mismatches occur, this could be the cause.

The solution is not to use such a directory for building GCC.

When building from CVS or snapshots, or if you modify parser sources,
you need the Bison parser generator installed. Any version 1.25 or
later should work; older versions may also work. If you do not modify
parser sources, releases contain the Bison-generated files and you do
not need Bison installed to build them.

When building from CVS or snapshots, or if you modify Texinfo
documentation, you need version 4.2 or later of Texinfo installed if you
want Info documentation to be regenerated. Releases contain Info
documentation pre-built for the unmodified documentation in the release.

5.1 Building a native compiler
==============================

For a native build issue the command `make bootstrap'. This will build
the entire GCC system, which includes the following steps:

* Build host tools necessary to build the compiler such as texinfo,
bison, gperf.

* Build target tools for use by the compiler such as binutils (bfd,
binutils, gas, gprof, ld, and opcodes) if they have been
individually linked or moved into the top level GCC source tree
before configuring.

* Perform a 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler.

* Perform a comparison test of the stage2 and stage3 compilers.

* Build runtime libraries using the stage3 compiler from the
previous step.

If you are short on disk space you might consider `make
bootstrap-lean' instead. This is identical to `make bootstrap' except
that object files from the stage1 and stage2 of the 3-stage bootstrap
of the compiler are deleted as soon as they are no longer needed.

If you want to save additional space during the bootstrap and in the
final installation as well, you can build the compiler binaries without
debugging information as in the following example. This will save
roughly 40% of disk space both for the bootstrap and the final
installation. (Libraries will still contain debugging information.)

make CFLAGS='-O' LIBCFLAGS='-g -O2' \
LIBCXXFLAGS='-g -O2 -fno-implicit-templates' bootstrap

If you wish to use non-default GCC flags when compiling the stage2
and stage3 compilers, set `BOOT_CFLAGS' on the command line when doing
`make bootstrap'. Non-default optimization flags are less well tested
here than the default of `-g -O2', but should still work. In a few
cases, you may find that you need to specify special flags such as
`-msoft-float' here to complete the bootstrap; or, if the native
compiler miscompiles the stage1 compiler, you may need to work around
this, by choosing `BOOT_CFLAGS' to avoid the parts of the stage1
compiler that were miscompiled, or by using `make bootstrap4' to
increase the number of stages of bootstrap.

If you used the flag `--enable-languages=...' to restrict the
compilers to be built, only those you've actually enabled will be
built. This will of course only build those runtime libraries, for
which the particular compiler has been built. Please note, that
re-defining `LANGUAGES' when calling `make bootstrap' *does not* work
anymore!

If the comparison of stage2 and stage3 fails, this normally indicates
that the stage2 compiler has compiled GCC incorrectly, and is therefore
a potentially serious bug which you should investigate and report. (On
a few systems, meaningful comparison of object files is impossible; they
always appear "different". If you encounter this problem, you will
need to disable comparison in the `Makefile'.)

5.2 Building a cross compiler
=============================

We recommend reading the crossgcc FAQ for information about building
cross compilers.

When building a cross compiler, it is not generally possible to do a
3-stage bootstrap of the compiler. This makes for an interesting
problem as parts of GCC can only be built with GCC.

To build a cross compiler, we first recommend building and
installing a native compiler. You can then use the native GCC compiler
to build the cross compiler. The installed native compiler needs to be
GCC version 2.95 or later.

Assuming you have already installed a native copy of GCC and
configured your cross compiler, issue the command `make', which
performs the following steps:

* Build host tools necessary to build the compiler such as texinfo,
bison, gperf.

* Build the compiler (single stage only).

* Build runtime libraries using the compiler from the previous step.

Note that if an error occurs in any step the make process will exit.

If you are not building GNU binutils in the same source tree as GCC,
you will need a cross-assembler and cross-linker installed before
configuring GCC. Put them in the directory `PREFIX/TARGET/bin'. Here
is a table of the tools you should put in this directory:

`as'
This should be the cross-assembler.

`ld'
This should be the cross-linker.

`ar'
This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate
archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine's format.

`ranlib'
This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive
file.

The installation of GCC will find these programs in that directory,
and copy or link them to the proper place to for the cross-compiler to
find them when run later.

The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils
package. Configure it with the same `--host' and `--target' options
that you use for configuring GCC, then build and install them. They
install their executables automatically into the proper directory.
Alas, they do not support all the targets that GCC supports.

If you are not building a C library in the same source tree as GCC,
you should also provide the target libraries and headers before
configuring GCC, specifying the directories with `--with-sysroot' or
`--with-headers' and `--with-libs'. Many targets also require "start
files" such as `crt0.o' and `crtn.o' which are linked into each
executable. There may be several alternatives for `crt0.o', for use
with profiling or other compilation options. Check your target's
definition of `STARTFILE_SPEC' to find out what start files it uses.

5.3 Building in parallel
========================

You can use `make bootstrap MAKE="make -j 2" -j 2', or just `make -j 2
bootstrap' for GNU Make 3.79 and above, instead of `make bootstrap' to
build GCC in parallel. You can also specify a bigger number, and in
most cases using a value greater than the number of processors in your
machine will result in fewer and shorter I/O latency hits, thus
improving overall throughput; this is especially true for slow drives
and network filesystems.

5.4 Building the Ada compiler
=============================

In order to build GNAT, the Ada compiler, you need a working GNAT
compiler (GNAT version 3.14 or later, or GCC version 3.1 or later),
including GNAT tools such as `gnatmake' and `gnatlink', since the Ada
front end is written in Ada (with some GNAT-specific extensions), and
GNU make.

`configure' does not test whether the GNAT installation works and
has a sufficiently recent version; if too old a GNAT version is
installed, the build will fail unless `--enable-languages' is used to
disable building the Ada front end.

At the moment, the GNAT library and several tools for GNAT are not
built by `make bootstrap'. For a native build, you have to invoke
`make gnatlib_and_tools' in the `OBJDIR/gcc' subdirectory before
proceeding with the next steps. For a cross build, you need to invoke
`make gnatlib cross-gnattools ada.all.cross'. For a canadian cross you
only need to invoke `make cross-gnattools'; the GNAT library would be
the same as the one built for the cross compiler.

For example, you can build a native Ada compiler by issuing the
following commands (assuming `make' is GNU make):

cd OBJDIR
SRCDIR/configure --enable-languages=c,ada
cd OBJDIR
make bootstrap
cd gcc
make gnatlib_and_tools
cd ..

Currently, when compiling the Ada front end, you cannot use the
parallel build feature described in the previous section.

5.5 Building with profile feedback
==================================

It is possible to use profile feedback to optimize the compiler itself.
This should result in a faster compiler binary. Experiments done on
x86 using gcc 3.3 showed approximately 7 percent speedup on compiling C
programs. To bootstrap compiler with profile feedback, use `make
profiledbootstrap'.

When `make profiledbootstrap' is run, it will first build a `stage1'
compiler. This compiler is used to build a `stageprofile' compiler
instrumented to collect execution counts of instruction and branch
probabilities. Then runtime libraries are compiled with profile
collected. Finally a `stagefeedback' compiler is built using the
information collected.

Unlike `make bootstrap' several additional restrictions apply. The
compiler used to build `stage1' needs to support a 64-bit integral type.
It is recommended to only use GCC for this. Also parallel make is
currently not supported since collisions in profile collecting may
occur.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Testing, Next: Final install, Prev: Building, Up: Installing GCC

6 Installing GCC: Testing
*************************

Before you install GCC, we encourage you to run the testsuites and to
compare your results with results from a similar configuration that have
been submitted to the gcc-testresults mailing list. Some of these
archived results are linked from the build status lists at
`http://gcc.gnu.org/buildstat.html', although not everyone who reports
a successful build runs the testsuites and submits the results. This
step is optional and may require you to download additional software,
but it can give you confidence in your new GCC installation or point out
problems before you install and start using your new GCC.

First, you must have downloaded the testsuites. These are part of
the full distribution, but if you downloaded the "core" compiler plus
any front ends, you must download the testsuites separately.

Second, you must have the testing tools installed. This includes
DejaGnu 1.4.1 or 1.4.3 and later, Tcl, and Expect; the DejaGnu site has
links to these.

If the directories where `runtest' and `expect' were installed are
not in the `PATH', you may need to set the following environment
variables appropriately, as in the following example (which assumes
that DejaGnu has been installed under `/usr/local'):

TCL_LIBRARY = /usr/local/share/tcl8.0
DEJAGNULIBS = /usr/local/share/dejagnu

(On systems such as Cygwin, these paths are required to be actual
paths, not mounts or links; presumably this is due to some lack of
portability in the DejaGnu code.)

Finally, you can run the testsuite (which may take a long time):
cd OBJDIR; make -k check

This will test various components of GCC, such as compiler front
ends and runtime libraries. While running the testsuite, DejaGnu might
emit some harmless messages resembling `WARNING: Couldn't find the
global config file.' or `WARNING: Couldn't find tool init file' that
can be ignored.

6.1 How can you run the testsuite on selected tests?
====================================================

In order to run sets of tests selectively, there are targets `make
check-gcc' and `make check-g++' in the `gcc' subdirectory of the object
directory. You can also just run `make check' in a subdirectory of the
object directory.

A more selective way to just run all `gcc' execute tests in the
testsuite is to use

make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS="execute.exp OTHER-OPTIONS"

Likewise, in order to run only the `g++' "old-deja" tests in the
testsuite with filenames matching `9805*', you would use

make check-g++ RUNTESTFLAGS="old-deja.exp=9805* OTHER-OPTIONS"

The `*.exp' files are located in the testsuite directories of the GCC
source, the most important ones being `compile.exp', `execute.exp',
`dg.exp' and `old-deja.exp'. To get a list of the possible `*.exp'
files, pipe the output of `make check' into a file and look at the
`Running ... .exp' lines.

6.2 Passing options and running multiple testsuites
===================================================

You can pass multiple options to the testsuite using the
`--target_board' option of DejaGNU, either passed as part of
`RUNTESTFLAGS', or directly to `runtest' if you prefer to work outside
the makefiles. For example,

make check-g++ RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=unix/-O3/-fno-strength-reduce"

will run the standard `g++' testsuites ("unix" is the target name
for a standard native testsuite situation), passing `-O3
-fno-strength-reduce' to the compiler on every test, i.e., slashes
separate options.

You can run the testsuites multiple times using combinations of
options with a syntax similar to the brace expansion of popular shells:

..."--target_board=arm-sim{-mhard-float,-msoft-float}{-O1,-O2,-O3,}"

(Note the empty option caused by the trailing comma in the final
group.) The following will run each testsuite eight times using the
`arm-sim' target, as if you had specified all possible combinations
yourself:

--target_board=arm-sim/-mhard-float/-O1
--target_board=arm-sim/-mhard-float/-O2
--target_board=arm-sim/-mhard-float/-O3
--target_board=arm-sim/-mhard-float
--target_board=arm-sim/-msoft-float/-O1
--target_board=arm-sim/-msoft-float/-O2
--target_board=arm-sim/-msoft-float/-O3
--target_board=arm-sim/-msoft-float

They can be combined as many times as you wish, in arbitrary ways.
This list:

..."--target_board=unix/-Wextra{-O3,-fno-strength-reduce}{-fomit-frame-pointer,}"

will generate four combinations, all involving `-Wextra'.

The disadvantage to this method is that the testsuites are run in
serial, which is a waste on multiprocessor systems. For users with GNU
Make and a shell which performs brace expansion, you can run the
testsuites in parallel by having the shell perform the combinations and
`make' do the parallel runs. Instead of using `--target_board', use a
special makefile target:

make -jN check-TESTSUITE//TEST-TARGET/OPTION1/OPTION2/...

For example,

make -j3 check-gcc//sh-hms-sim/{-m1,-m2,-m3,-m3e,-m4}/{,-nofpu}

will run three concurrent "make-gcc" testsuites, eventually testing
all ten combinations as described above. Note that this is currently
only supported in the `gcc' subdirectory. (To see how this works, try
typing `echo' before the example given here.)

6.3 Additional testing for Java Class Libraries
===============================================

The Java runtime tests can be executed via `make check' in the
`TARGET/libjava/testsuite' directory in the build tree.

The Mauve Project provides a suite of tests for the Java Class
Libraries. This suite can be run as part of libgcj testing by placing
the Mauve tree within the libjava testsuite at
`libjava/testsuite/libjava.mauve/mauve', or by specifying the location
of that tree when invoking `make', as in `make MAUVEDIR=~/mauve check'.

Jacks is a free testsuite that tests Java compiler front ends. This
suite can be run as part of libgcj testing by placing the Jacks tree
within the libjava testsuite at `libjava/testsuite/libjava.jacks/jacks'.

6.4 How to interpret test results
=================================

The result of running the testsuite are various `*.sum' and `*.log'
files in the testsuite subdirectories. The `*.log' files contain a
detailed log of the compiler invocations and the corresponding results,
the `*.sum' files summarize the results. These summaries contain
status codes for all tests:

* PASS: the test passed as expected

* XPASS: the test unexpectedly passed

* FAIL: the test unexpectedly failed

* XFAIL: the test failed as expected

* UNSUPPORTED: the test is not supported on this platform

* ERROR: the testsuite detected an error

* WARNING: the testsuite detected a possible problem

It is normal for some tests to report unexpected failures. At the
current time the testing harness does not allow fine grained control
over whether or not a test is expected to fail. This problem should be
fixed in future releases.

6.5 Submitting test results
===========================

If you want to report the results to the GCC project, use the
`contrib/test_summary' shell script. Start it in the OBJDIR with

SRCDIR/contrib/test_summary -p your_commentary.txt \
-m gcc-testresults@gcc.gnu.org |sh

This script uses the `Mail' program to send the results, so make
sure it is in your `PATH'. The file `your_commentary.txt' is prepended
to the testsuite summary and should contain any special remarks you
have on your results or your build environment. Please do not edit the
testsuite result block or the subject line, as these messages may be
automatically processed.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Final install, Prev: Testing, Up: Installing GCC

7 Installing GCC: Final installation
************************************

Now that GCC has been built (and optionally tested), you can install
it with
cd OBJDIR; make install

We strongly recommend to install into a target directory where there
is no previous version of GCC present.

That step completes the installation of GCC; user level binaries can
be found in `PREFIX/bin' where PREFIX is the value you specified with
the `--prefix' to configure (or `/usr/local' by default). (If you
specified `--bindir', that directory will be used instead; otherwise,
if you specified `--exec-prefix', `EXEC-PREFIX/bin' will be used.)
Headers for the C++ and Java libraries are installed in
`PREFIX/include'; libraries in `LIBDIR' (normally `PREFIX/lib');
internal parts of the compiler in `LIBDIR/gcc' and `LIBEXECDIR/gcc';
documentation in info format in `INFODIR' (normally `PREFIX/info').

When installing cross-compilers, GCC's executables are not only
installed into `BINDIR', that is, `EXEC-PREFIX/bin', but additionally
into `EXEC-PREFIX/TARGET-ALIAS/bin', if that directory exists.
Typically, such "tooldirs" hold target-specific binutils, including
assembler and linker.

Installation into a temporary staging area or into a `chroot' jail
can be achieved with the command

make DESTDIR=PATH-TO-ROOTDIR install

where PATH-TO-ROOTDIR is the absolute path of a directory relative to
which all installation paths will be interpreted. Note that the
directory specified by `DESTDIR' need not exist yet; it will be created
if necessary.

There is a subtle point with tooldirs and `DESTDIR': If you relocate
a cross-compiler installation with e.g. `DESTDIR=ROOTDIR', then the
directory `ROOTDIR/EXEC-PREFIX/TARGET-ALIAS/bin' will be filled with
duplicated GCC executables only if it already exists, it will not be
created otherwise. This is regarded as a feature, not as a bug,
because it gives slightly more control to the packagers using the
`DESTDIR' feature.

If you built a released version of GCC using `make bootstrap' then
please quickly review the build status page for your release, available
from `http://gcc.gnu.org/buildstat.html'. If your system is not listed
for the version of GCC that you built, send a note to <gcc@gcc.gnu.org>
indicating that you successfully built and installed GCC. Include the
following information:

* Output from running `SRCDIR/config.guess'. Do not send that file
itself, just the one-line output from running it.

* The output of `gcc -v' for your newly installed `gcc'. This tells
us which version of GCC you built and the options you passed to
configure.

* Whether you enabled all languages or a subset of them. If you
used a full distribution then this information is part of the
configure options in the output of `gcc -v', but if you downloaded
the "core" compiler plus additional front ends then it isn't
apparent which ones you built unless you tell us about it.

* If the build was for GNU/Linux, also include:
* The distribution name and version (e.g., Red Hat 7.1 or
Debian 2.2.3); this information should be available from
`/etc/issue'.

* The version of the Linux kernel, available from `uname
--version' or `uname -a'.

* The version of glibc you used; for RPM-based systems like Red
Hat, Mandrake, and SuSE type `rpm -q glibc' to get the glibc
version, and on systems like Debian and Progeny use `dpkg -l
libc6'.
For other systems, you can include similar information if you
think it is relevant.

* Any other information that you think would be useful to people
building GCC on the same configuration. The new entry in the
build status list will include a link to the archived copy of your
message.

We'd also like to know if the *Note host/target specific
installation notes: Specific. didn't include your host/target
information or if that information is incomplete or out of date. Send
a note to <gcc@gcc.gnu.org> detailing how the information should be
changed.

If you find a bug, please report it following the bug reporting
guidelines.

If you want to print the GCC manuals, do `cd OBJDIR; make dvi'. You
will need to have `texi2dvi' (version at least 4.2) and TeX installed.
This creates a number of `.dvi' files in subdirectories of `OBJDIR';
these may be converted for printing with programs such as `dvips'. You
can also buy printed manuals from the Free Software Foundation, though
such manuals may not be for the most recent version of GCC.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Binaries, Next: Specific, Prev: Installing GCC, Up: Top

8 Installing GCC: Binaries
**************************

We are often asked about pre-compiled versions of GCC. While we
cannot provide these for all platforms, below you'll find links to
binaries for various platforms where creating them by yourself is not
easy due to various reasons.

Please note that we did not create these binaries, nor do we support
them. If you have any problems installing them, please contact their
makers.

* AIX:
* Bull's Freeware and Shareware Archive for AIX;

* UCLA Software Library for AIX.

* DOS--DJGPP.

* Renesas H8/300[HS]--GNU Development Tools for the Renesas
H8/300[HS] Series.

* HP-UX:
* HP-UX Porting Center;

* Binaries for HP-UX 11.00 at Aachen University of Technology.

* Motorola 68HC11/68HC12--GNU Development Tools for the Motorola
68HC11/68HC12.

* SCO OpenServer/Unixware.

* Solaris 2 (SPARC, Intel)--Sunfreeware.

* SGI--SGI Freeware.

* Microsoft Windows:
* The Cygwin project;

* The MinGW project.

* The Written Word offers binaries for AIX 4.3.2. IRIX 6.5, Digital
UNIX 4.0D and 5.1, GNU/Linux (i386), HP-UX 10.20, 11.00, and
11.11, and Solaris/SPARC 2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 8, and 9,

* OpenPKG offers binaries for quite a number of platforms.

In addition to those specific offerings, you can get a binary
distribution CD-ROM from the Free Software Foundation. It contains
binaries for a number of platforms, and includes not only GCC, but
other stuff as well. The current CD does not contain the latest
version of GCC, but it should allow bootstrapping the compiler. An
updated version of that disk is in the works.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Specific, Next: Old, Prev: Binaries, Up: Top

9 Host/target specific installation notes for GCC
*************************************************

Please read this document carefully _before_ installing the GNU
Compiler Collection on your machine.

alpha*-*-*
==========

This section contains general configuration information for all
alpha-based platforms using ELF (in particular, ignore this section for
DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX and Tru64 UNIX). In addition to reading this
section, please read all other sections that match your target.

We require binutils 2.11.2 or newer. Previous binutils releases had
a number of problems with DWARF 2 debugging information, not the least
of which is incorrect linking of shared libraries.

alpha*-dec-osf*
===============

Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha architecture and
are running the DEC/Compaq Unix (DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, or Compaq
Tru64 UNIX) operating system, for example the DEC Alpha AXP systems.

As of GCC 3.2, versions before `alpha*-dec-osf4' are no longer
supported. (These are the versions which identify themselves as DEC
OSF/1.)

In Digital Unix V4.0, virtual memory exhausted bootstrap failures
may be fixed by configuring with `--with-gc=simple', reconfiguring
Kernel Virtual Memory and Swap parameters per the `/usr/sbin/sys_check'
Tuning Suggestions, or applying the patch in
`http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc/2002-08/msg00822.html'.

In Tru64 UNIX V5.1, Compaq introduced a new assembler that does not
currently (2001-06-13) work with `mips-tfile'. As a workaround, we
need to use the old assembler, invoked via the barely documented
`-oldas' option. To bootstrap GCC, you either need to use the Compaq C
Compiler:

% CC=cc SRCDIR/configure [OPTIONS] [TARGET]

or you can use a copy of GCC 2.95.3 or higher built on Tru64 UNIX
V4.0:

% CC=gcc -Wa,-oldas SRCDIR/configure [OPTIONS] [TARGET]

As of GNU binutils 2.11.2, neither GNU `as' nor GNU `ld' are
supported on Tru64 UNIX, so you must not configure GCC with
`--with-gnu-as' or `--with-gnu-ld'.

GCC writes a `.verstamp' directive to the assembler output file
unless it is built as a cross-compiler. It gets the version to use from
the system header file `/usr/include/stamp.h'. If you install a new
version of DEC Unix, you should rebuild GCC to pick up the new version
stamp.

Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture, cross-compilers
from 32-bit machines will not generate code as efficient as that
generated when the compiler is running on a 64-bit machine because many
optimizations that depend on being able to represent a word on the
target in an integral value on the host cannot be performed. Building
cross-compilers on the Alpha for 32-bit machines has only been tested in
a few cases and may not work properly.

`make compare' may fail on old versions of DEC Unix unless you add
`-save-temps' to `CFLAGS'. On these systems, the name of the assembler
input file is stored in the object file, and that makes comparison fail
if it differs between the `stage1' and `stage2' compilations. The
option `-save-temps' forces a fixed name to be used for the assembler
input file, instead of a randomly chosen name in `/tmp'. Do not add
`-save-temps' unless the comparisons fail without that option. If you
add `-save-temps', you will have to manually delete the `.i' and `.s'
files after each series of compilations.

GCC now supports both the native (ECOFF) debugging format used by DBX
and GDB and an encapsulated STABS format for use only with GDB. See the
discussion of the `--with-stabs' option of `configure' above for more
information on these formats and how to select them.

There is a bug in DEC's assembler that produces incorrect line
numbers for ECOFF format when the `.align' directive is used. To work
around this problem, GCC will not emit such alignment directives while
writing ECOFF format debugging information even if optimization is
being performed. Unfortunately, this has the very undesirable
side-effect that code addresses when `-O' is specified are different
depending on whether or not `-g' is also specified.

To avoid this behavior, specify `-gstabs+' and use GDB instead of
DBX. DEC is now aware of this problem with the assembler and hopes to
provide a fix shortly.

alphaev5-cray-unicosmk*
=======================

Cray T3E systems running Unicos/Mk.

This port is incomplete and has many known bugs. We hope to improve
the support for this target soon. Currently, only the C front end is
supported, and it is not possible to build parallel applications. Cray
modules are not supported; in particular, Craylibs are assumed to be in
`/opt/ctl/craylibs/craylibs'.

You absolutely *must* use GNU make on this platform. Also, you need
to tell GCC where to find the assembler and the linker. The simplest
way to do so is by providing `--with-as' and `--with-ld' to
`configure', e.g.

configure --with-as=/opt/ctl/bin/cam --with-ld=/opt/ctl/bin/cld \
--enable-languages=c

The comparison test during `make bootstrap' fails on Unicos/Mk
because the assembler inserts timestamps into object files. You should
be able to work around this by doing `make all' after getting this
failure.

arc-*-elf
=========

Argonaut ARC processor. This configuration is intended for embedded
systems.

arm-*-elf
=========

xscale-*-*
==========

ARM-family processors. Subtargets that use the ELF object format
require GNU binutils 2.13 or newer. Such subtargets include:
`arm-*-freebsd', `arm-*-netbsdelf', `arm-*-*linux', `arm-*-rtems' and
`arm-*-kaos'.

arm-*-coff
==========

ARM-family processors. Note that there are two different varieties of
PE format subtarget supported: `arm-wince-pe' and `arm-pe' as well as a
standard COFF target `arm-*-coff'.

arm-*-aout
==========

ARM-family processors. These targets support the AOUT file format:
`arm-*-aout', `arm-*-netbsd'.

avr
===

ATMEL AVR-family micro controllers. These are used in embedded
applications. There are no standard Unix configurations. *Note AVR
Options: (gcc)AVR Options, for the list of supported MCU types.

Use `configure --target=avr --enable-languages="c"' to configure GCC.

Further installation notes and other useful information about AVR
tools can also be obtained from:

* http://www.nongnu.org/avr/

* http://home.overta.ru/users/denisc/

* http://www.amelek.gda.pl/avr/

We _strongly_ recommend using binutils 2.13 or newer.

The following error:
Error: register required

indicates that you should upgrade to a newer version of the binutils.

c4x
===

Texas Instruments TMS320C3x and TMS320C4x Floating Point Digital Signal
Processors. These are used in embedded applications. There are no
standard Unix configurations. *Note TMS320C3x/C4x Options:
(gcc)TMS320C3x/C4x Options, for the list of supported MCU types.

GCC can be configured as a cross compiler for both the C3x and C4x
architectures on the same system. Use `configure --target=c4x
--enable-languages="c,c++"' to configure.

Further installation notes and other useful information about C4x
tools can also be obtained from:

* http://www.elec.canterbury.ac.nz/c4x/

CRIS
====

CRIS is the CPU architecture in Axis Communications ETRAX
system-on-a-chip series. These are used in embedded applications.

*Note CRIS Options: (gcc)CRIS Options, for a list of CRIS-specific
options.

There are a few different CRIS targets:
`cris-axis-aout'
Old target. Includes a multilib for the `elinux' a.out-based
target. No multilibs for newer architecture variants.

`cris-axis-elf'
Mainly for monolithic embedded systems. Includes a multilib for
the `v10' core used in `ETRAX 100 LX'.

`cris-axis-linux-gnu'
A GNU/Linux port for the CRIS architecture, currently targeting
`ETRAX 100 LX' by default.

For `cris-axis-aout' and `cris-axis-elf' you need binutils 2.11 or
newer. For `cris-axis-linux-gnu' you need binutils 2.12 or newer.

Pre-packaged tools can be obtained from
`ftp://ftp.axis.com/pub/axis/tools/cris/compiler-kit/'. More
information about this platform is available at
`http://developer.axis.com/'.

DOS
===

Please have a look at the binaries page.

You cannot install GCC by itself on MSDOS; it will not compile under
any MSDOS compiler except itself. You need to get the complete
compilation package DJGPP, which includes binaries as well as sources,
and includes all the necessary compilation tools and libraries.

dsp16xx
=======

A port to the AT&T DSP1610 family of processors.

*-*-freebsd*
============

The version of binutils installed in `/usr/bin' probably works with
this release of GCC. However, on FreeBSD 4, bootstrapping against the
latest FSF binutils is known to improve overall testsuite results; and,
on FreeBSD/alpha, using binutils 2.14 or later is required to build
libjava.

Support for FreeBSD 1 was discontinued in GCC 3.2.

Support for FreeBSD 2 will be discontinued after GCC 3.4. The
following was true for GCC 3.1 but the current status is unknown. For
FreeBSD 2 or any mutant a.out versions of FreeBSD 3: All configuration
support and files as shipped with GCC 2.95 are still in place. FreeBSD
2.2.7 has been known to bootstrap completely; however, it is unknown
which version of binutils was used (it is assumed that it was the
system copy in `/usr/bin') and C++ EH failures were noted.

For FreeBSD using the ELF file format: DWARF 2 debugging is now the
default for all CPU architectures. It had been the default on
FreeBSD/alpha since its inception. You may use `-gstabs' instead of
`-g', if you really want the old debugging format. There are no known
issues with mixing object files and libraries with different debugging
formats. Otherwise, this release of GCC should now match more of the
configuration used in the stock FreeBSD configuration of GCC. In
particular, `--enable-threads' is now configured by default. However,
as a general user, do not attempt to replace the system compiler with
this release. Known to bootstrap and check with good results on
FreeBSD 4.9-STABLE and 5-CURRENT. In the past, known to bootstrap and
check with good results on FreeBSD 3.0, 3.4, 4.0, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5,
4.8-STABLE.

In principle, `--enable-threads' is now compatible with
`--enable-libgcj' on FreeBSD. However, it has only been built and
tested on `i386-*-freebsd[45]' and `alpha-*-freebsd[45]'. The static
library may be incorrectly built (symbols are missing at link time).
There is a rare timing-based startup hang (probably involves an
assumption about the thread library). Multi-threaded boehm-gc
(required for libjava) exposes severe threaded signal-handling bugs on
FreeBSD before 4.5-RELEASE. Other CPU architectures supported by
FreeBSD will require additional configuration tuning in, at the very
least, both boehm-gc and libffi.

Shared `libgcc_s.so' is now built and installed by default.

h8300-hms
=========

Renesas H8/300 series of processors.

Please have a look at the binaries page.

The calling convention and structure layout has changed in release
2.6. All code must be recompiled. The calling convention now passes
the first three arguments in function calls in registers. Structures
are no longer a multiple of 2 bytes.

hppa*-hp-hpux*
==============

Support for HP-UX version 9 and older was discontinued in GCC 3.4.

We _highly_ recommend using gas/binutils 2.8 or newer on all hppa
platforms; you may encounter a variety of problems when using the HP
assembler.

Specifically, `-g' does not work on HP-UX (since that system uses a
peculiar debugging format which GCC does not know about), unless you
use GAS and GDB and configure GCC with the `--with-gnu-as' and
`--with-as=...' options.

If you wish to use the pa-risc 2.0 architecture support with a 32-bit
runtime, you must use either the HP assembler, or gas/binutils 2.11 or
newer.

There are two default scheduling models for instructions. These are
PROCESSOR_7100LC and PROCESSOR_8000. They are selected from the pa-risc
architecture specified for the target machine when configuring.
PROCESSOR_8000 is the default. PROCESSOR_7100LC is selected when the
target is a `hppa1*' machine.

The PROCESSOR_8000 model is not well suited to older processors.
Thus, it is important to completely specify the machine architecture
when configuring if you want a model other than PROCESSOR_8000. The
macro TARGET_SCHED_DEFAULT can be defined in BOOT_CFLAGS if a different
default scheduling model is desired.

More specific information to `hppa*-hp-hpux*' targets follows.

hppa*-hp-hpux10
===============

For hpux10.20, we _highly_ recommend you pick up the latest sed patch
`PHCO_19798' from HP. HP has two sites which provide patches free of
charge:

* `http://us.itrc.hp.com/service/home/home.do' US, Canada,
Asia-Pacific, and Latin-America.

* `http://europe.itrc.hp.com/service/home/home.do' Europe.

The HP assembler on these systems has some problems. Most notably
the assembler inserts timestamps into each object file it creates,
causing the 3-stage comparison test to fail during a `make bootstrap'.
You should be able to continue by saying `make all' after getting the
failure from `make bootstrap'.

hppa*-hp-hpux11
===============

GCC 3.0 and up support HP-UX 11. GCC 2.95.x is not supported and cannot
be used to compile GCC 3.0 and up.

Refer to binaries for information about obtaining precompiled GCC
binaries for HP-UX. Precompiled binaries must be obtained to build the
Ada language as it can't be bootstrapped using C. Ada is only
available for the 32-bit PA-RISC runtime. The libffi and libjava
haven't been ported to HP-UX and don't build.

It is possible to build GCC 3.3 starting with the bundled HP
compiler, but the process requires several steps. GCC 3.3 can then be
used to build later versions. The fastjar program contains ISO C code
and can't be built with the HP bundled compiler. This problem can be
avoided by not building the Java language. For example, use the
`--enable-languages="c,c++,f77,objc"' option in your configure command.

Starting with GCC 3.4 an ISO C compiler is required to bootstrap.
The bundled compiler supports only traditional C; you will need either
HP's unbundled compiler, or a binary distribution of GCC.

There are several possible approaches to building the distribution.
Binutils can be built first using the HP tools. Then, the GCC
distribution can be built. The second approach is to build GCC first
using the HP tools, then build binutils, then rebuild GCC. There have
been problems with various binary distributions, so it is best not to
start from a binary distribution.

On 64-bit capable systems, there are two distinct targets. Different
installation prefixes must be used if both are to be installed on the
same system. The `hppa[1-2]*-hp-hpux11*' target generates code for the
32-bit PA-RISC runtime architecture and uses the HP linker. The
`hppa64-hp-hpux11*' target generates 64-bit code for the PA-RISC 2.0
architecture. The HP and GNU linkers are both supported for this
target.

The script config.guess now selects the target type based on the
compiler detected during configuration. You must define `PATH' or `CC'
so that configure finds an appropriate compiler for the initial
bootstrap. When `CC' is used, the definition should contain the
options that are needed whenever `CC' is used.

Specifically, options that determine the runtime architecture must be
in `CC' to correctly select the target for the build. It is also
convenient to place many other compiler options in `CC'. For example,
`CC="cc -Ac +DA2.0W -Wp,-H16376 -D_CLASSIC_TYPES -D_HPUX_SOURCE"' can
be used to bootstrap the GCC 3.3 branch with the HP compiler in 64-bit
K&R/bundled mode. The `+DA2.0W' option will result in the automatic
selection of the `hppa64-hp-hpux11*' target. The macro definition
table of cpp needs to be increased for a successful build with the HP
compiler. _CLASSIC_TYPES and _HPUX_SOURCE need to be defined when
building with the bundled compiler, or when using the `-Ac' option.
These defines aren't necessary with `-Ae'.

It is best to explicitly configure the `hppa64-hp-hpux11*' target
with the `--with-ld=...' option. This overrides the standard search
for ld. The two linkers supported on this target require different
commands. The default linker is determined during configuration. As a
result, it's not possible to switch linkers in the middle of a GCC
build. This has been been reported to sometimes occur in unified
builds of binutils and GCC.

With GCC 3.0 through 3.2, you must use binutils 2.11 or above. As of
GCC 3.3, binutils 2.14 or later is required.

Although the HP assembler can be used for an initial build, it
shouldn't be used with any languages other than C and perhaps Fortran
due to its many limitations. For example, it does not support weak
symbols or alias definitions. As a result, explicit template
instantiations are required when using C++. This makes it difficult if
not impossible to build many C++ applications. You can't generate
debugging information when using the HP assembler. Finally, `make
bootstrap' fails in the final comparison of object modules due to the
time stamps that it inserts into the modules. The bootstrap can be
continued from this point with `make all'.

A recent linker patch must be installed for the correct operation of
GCC 3.3 and later. `PHSS_26559' and `PHSS_24304' are the oldest linker
patches that are known to work. They are for HP-UX 11.00 and 11.11,
respectively. `PHSS_24303', the companion to `PHSS_24304', might be
usable but it hasn't been tested. These patches have been superseded.
Consult the HP patch database to obtain the currently recommended
linker patch for your system.

The patches are necessary for the support of weak symbols on the
32-bit port, and for the running of initializers and finalizers. Weak
symbols are implemented using SOM secondary definition symbols. Prior
to HP-UX 11, there are bugs in the linker support for secondary symbols.
The patches correct a problem of linker core dumps creating shared
libraries containing secondary symbols, as well as various other
linking issues involving secondary symbols.

GCC 3.3 uses the ELF DT_INIT_ARRAY and DT_FINI_ARRAY capabilities to
run initializers and finalizers on the 64-bit port. The 32-bit port
uses the linker `+init' and `+fini' options for the same purpose. The
patches correct various problems with the +init/+fini options,
including program core dumps. Binutils 2.14 corrects a problem on the
64-bit port resulting from HP's non-standard use of the .init and .fini
sections for array initializers and finalizers.

There are a number of issues to consider in selecting which linker to
use with the 64-bit port. The GNU 64-bit linker can only create dynamic
binaries. The `-static' option causes linking with archive libraries
but doesn't produce a truly static binary. Dynamic binaries still
require final binding by the dynamic loader to resolve a set of
dynamic-loader-defined symbols. The default behavior of the HP linker
is the same as the GNU linker. However, it can generate true 64-bit
static binaries using the `+compat' option.

The HP 64-bit linker doesn't support linkonce semantics. As a
result, C++ programs have many more sections than they should.

The GNU 64-bit linker has some issues with shared library support
and exceptions. As a result, we only support libgcc in archive format.
For similar reasons, dwarf2 unwind and exception support are disabled.
The GNU linker also has problems creating binaries with `-static'. It
doesn't provide stubs for internal calls to global functions in shared
libraries, so these calls can't be overloaded.

Thread support is not implemented in GCC 3.0 through 3.2, so the
`--enable-threads' configure option does not work. In 3.3 and later,
POSIX threads are supported. The optional DCE thread library is not
supported.

This port still is undergoing significant development.

i370-*-*
========

This port is very preliminary and has many known bugs. We hope to have
a higher-quality port for this machine soon.

*-*-linux-gnu
=============

Versions of libstdc++-v3 starting with 3.2.1 require bugfixes present
in glibc 2.2.5 and later. More information is available in the
libstdc++-v3 documentation.

i?86-*-linux*aout
=================

Use this configuration to generate `a.out' binaries on Linux-based GNU
systems. This configuration is being superseded.

i?86-*-linux*
=============

As of GCC 3.3, binutils 2.13.1 or later is required for this platform.
See bug 10877 for more information.

If you receive Signal 11 errors when building on GNU/Linux, then it
is possible you have a hardware problem. Further information on this
can be found on www.bitwizard.nl.

Some recent versions of GNU/Linux, such as Fedora Core 1, support
exec-shield-randomize. Turning this on interferes with precompiled
headers. If you need to use precompiled headers, exec-shield-randomize
can be turned off for the entire system by editing `/etc/sysctl.conf'
and adding a line:
kernel.exec-shield-randomize = 0
You may then need to run `sysctl -p'.

This will be fixed in future releases of GCC.

i?86-*-sco3.2v5*
================

Use this for the SCO OpenServer Release 5 family of operating systems.

Unlike earlier versions of GCC, the ability to generate COFF with
this target is no longer provided.

Earlier versions of GCC emitted DWARF 1 when generating ELF to allow
the system debugger to be used. That support was too burdensome to
maintain. GCC now emits only DWARF 2 for this target. This means you
may use either the UDK debugger or GDB to debug programs built by this
version of GCC.

GCC is now only supported on releases 5.0.4 and later, and requires
that you install Support Level Supplement OSS646B or later, and Support
Level Supplement OSS631C or later. If you are using release 5.0.7 of
OpenServer, you must have at least the first maintenance pack installed
(this includes the relevant portions of OSS646). OSS646, also known as
the "Execution Environment Update", provides updated link editors and
assemblers, as well as updated standard C and math libraries. The C
startup modules are also updated to support the System V gABI draft, and
GCC relies on that behavior. OSS631 provides a collection of commonly
used open source libraries, some of which GCC depends on (such as GNU
gettext and zlib). SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.7 has all of this built
in by default, but OSS631C and later also apply to that release. Please
visit ftp://ftp.sco.com/pub/openserver5 for the latest versions of
these (and other potentially useful) supplements.

Although there is support for using the native assembler, it is
recommended that you configure GCC to use the GNU assembler. You do
this by using the flags `--with-gnu-as'. You should use a modern
version of GNU binutils. Version 2.13.2.1 was used for all testing.
In general, only the `--with-gnu-as' option is tested. A modern
bintuils (as well as a plethora of other development related GNU
utilities) can be found in Support Level Supplement OSS658A, the "GNU
Development Tools" package. See the SCO web and ftp sites for details.
That package also contains the currently "officially supported" version
of GCC, version 2.95.3. It is useful for bootstrapping this version.

i?86-*-udk
==========

This target emulates the SCO Universal Development Kit and requires that
package be installed. (If it is installed, you will have a
`/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc' file present.) It's very much like the
`i?86-*-unixware7*' target but is meant to be used when hosting on a
system where UDK isn't the default compiler such as OpenServer 5 or
Unixware 2. This target will generate binaries that will run on
OpenServer, Unixware 2, or Unixware 7, with the same warnings and
caveats as the SCO UDK.

This target is a little tricky to build because we have to
distinguish it from the native tools (so it gets headers, startups, and
libraries from the right place) while making the tools not think we're
actually building a cross compiler. The easiest way to do this is
with a configure command like this:

CC=/udk/usr/ccs/bin/cc /YOUR/PATH/TO/gcc/configure \
--host=i686-pc-udk --target=i686-pc-udk --program-prefix=udk-

_You should substitute `i686' in the above command with the
appropriate processor for your host._

After the usual `make bootstrap' and `make install', you can then
access the UDK-targeted GCC tools by adding `udk-' before the commonly
known name. For example, to invoke the C compiler, you would use
`udk-gcc'. They will coexist peacefully with any native-target GCC
tools you may have installed.

ia64-*-linux
============

IA-64 processor (also known as IPF, or Itanium Processor Family)
running GNU/Linux.

If you are using the installed system libunwind library with
`--with-system-libunwind', then you must use libunwind 0.98 or later.

None of the following versions of GCC has an ABI that is compatible
with any of the other versions in this list, with the exception that
Red Hat 2.96 and Trillian 000171 are compatible with each other: 3.1,
3.0.2, 3.0.1, 3.0, Red Hat 2.96, and Trillian 000717. This primarily
affects C++ programs and programs that create shared libraries. GCC
3.1 or later is recommended for compiling linux, the kernel. As of
version 3.1 GCC is believed to be fully ABI compliant, and hence no
more major ABI changes are expected.

ia64-*-hpux*
============

Building GCC on this target requires the GNU Assembler. The bundled HP
assembler will not work. To prevent GCC from using the wrong assembler,
the option `--with-gnu-as' may be necessary.

The GCC libunwind library has not been ported to HPUX. This means
that for GCC versions 3.2.3 and earlier, `--enable-libunwind-exceptions'
is required to build GCC. For GCC 3.3 and later, this is the default.
For gcc 3.4.3 and later, `--enable-libunwind-exceptions' is removed and
the system libunwind library will always be used.

*-ibm-aix*
==========

Support for AIX version 3 and older was discontinued in GCC 3.4.

AIX Make frequently has problems with GCC makefiles. GNU Make
3.79.1 or newer is recommended to build on this platform.

To speed up the configuration phases of bootstrapping and installing
GCC, one may use GNU Bash instead of AIX `/bin/sh', e.g.,

% CONFIG_SHELL=/opt/freeware/bin/bash
% export CONFIG_SHELL

and then proceed as described in the build instructions, where we
strongly recommend using GNU make and specifying an absolute path to
invoke SRCDIR/configure.

Errors involving `alloca' when building GCC generally are due to an
incorrect definition of `CC' in the Makefile or mixing files compiled
with the native C compiler and GCC. During the stage1 phase of the
build, the native AIX compiler *must* be invoked as `cc' (not `xlc').
Once `configure' has been informed of `xlc', one needs to use `make
distclean' to remove the configure cache files and ensure that `CC'
environment variable does not provide a definition that will confuse
`configure'. If this error occurs during stage2 or later, then the
problem most likely is the version of Make (see above).

The native `as' and `ld' are recommended for bootstrapping on AIX 4
and required for bootstrapping on AIX 5L. The GNU Assembler reports
that it supports WEAK symbols on AIX 4, which causes GCC to try to
utilize weak symbol functionality although it is not supported. The GNU
Assembler and Linker do not support AIX 5L sufficiently to bootstrap
GCC. The native AIX tools do interoperate with GCC.

Building `libstdc++.a' requires a fix for an AIX Assembler bug APAR
IY26685 (AIX 4.3) or APAR IY25528 (AIX 5.1). It also requires a fix
for another AIX Assembler bug and a co-dependent AIX Archiver fix
referenced as APAR IY53606 (AIX 5.2) or a APAR IY54774 (AIX 5.1)

`libstdc++' in GCC 3.4 increments the major version number of the
shared object and GCC installation places the `libstdc++.a' shared
library in a common location which will overwrite the and GCC 3.3
version of the shared library. Applications either need to be
re-linked against the new shared library or the GCC 3.1 and GCC 3.3
versions of the `libstdc++' shared object needs to be available to the
AIX runtime loader. The GCC 3.1 `libstdc++.so.4', if present, and GCC
3.3 `libstdc++.so.5' shared objects can be installed for runtime
dynamic loading using the following steps to set the `F_LOADONLY' flag
in the shared object for _each_ multilib `libstdc++.a' installed:

Extract the shared objects from the currently installed
`libstdc++.a' archive:
% ar -x libstdc++.a libstdc++.so.4 libstdc++.so.5

Enable the `F_LOADONLY' flag so that the shared object will be
available for runtime dynamic loading, but not linking:
% strip -e libstdc++.so.4 libstdc++.so.5

Archive the runtime-only shared object in the GCC 3.4 `libstdc++.a'
archive:
% ar -q libstdc++.a libstdc++.so.4 libstdc++.so.5

Linking executables and shared libraries may produce warnings of
duplicate symbols. The assembly files generated by GCC for AIX always
have included multiple symbol definitions for certain global variable
and function declarations in the original program. The warnings should
not prevent the linker from producing a correct library or runnable
executable.

AIX 4.3 utilizes a "large format" archive to support both 32-bit and
64-bit object modules. The routines provided in AIX 4.3.0 and AIX 4.3.1
to parse archive libraries did not handle the new format correctly.
These routines are used by GCC and result in error messages during
linking such as "not a COFF file". The version of the routines shipped
with AIX 4.3.1 should work for a 32-bit environment. The `-g' option
of the archive command may be used to create archives of 32-bit objects
using the original "small format". A correct version of the routines
is shipped with AIX 4.3.2 and above.

Some versions of the AIX binder (linker) can fail with a relocation
overflow severe error when the `-bbigtoc' option is used to link
GCC-produced object files into an executable that overflows the TOC. A
fix for APAR IX75823 (OVERFLOW DURING LINK WHEN USING GCC AND -BBIGTOC)
is available from IBM Customer Support and from its
techsupport.services.ibm.com website as PTF U455193.

The AIX 4.3.2.1 linker (bos.rte.bind_cmds Level 4.3.2.1) will dump
core with a segmentation fault when invoked by any version of GCC. A
fix for APAR IX87327 is available from IBM Customer Support and from its
techsupport.services.ibm.com website as PTF U461879. This fix is
incorporated in AIX 4.3.3 and above.

The initial assembler shipped with AIX 4.3.0 generates incorrect
object files. A fix for APAR IX74254 (64BIT DISASSEMBLED OUTPUT FROM
COMPILER FAILS TO ASSEMBLE/BIND) is available from IBM Customer Support
and from its techsupport.services.ibm.com website as PTF U453956. This
fix is incorporated in AIX 4.3.1 and above.

AIX provides National Language Support (NLS). Compilers and
assemblers use NLS to support locale-specific representations of
various data formats including floating-point numbers (e.g., `.' vs
`,' for separating decimal fractions). There have been problems
reported where GCC does not produce the same floating-point formats
that the assembler expects. If one encounters this problem, set the
`LANG' environment variable to `C' or `En_US'.

By default, GCC for AIX 4.1 and above produces code that can be used
on both Power or PowerPC processors.

A default can be specified with the `-mcpu=CPU_TYPE' switch and
using the configure option `--with-cpu-CPU_TYPE'.

ip2k-*-elf
==========

Ubicom IP2022 micro controller. This configuration is intended for
embedded systems. There are no standard Unix configurations.

Use `configure --target=ip2k-elf --enable-languages=c' to configure
GCC.

iq2000-*-elf
============

Vitesse IQ2000 processors. These are used in embedded applications.
There are no standard Unix configurations.

m32r-*-elf
==========

Renesas M32R processor. This configuration is intended for embedded
systems.

m6811-elf
=========

Motorola 68HC11 family micro controllers. These are used in embedded
applications. There are no standard Unix configurations.

m6812-elf
=========

Motorola 68HC12 family micro controllers. These are used in embedded
applications. There are no standard Unix configurations.

m68k-hp-hpux
============

HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX. HP-UX version 8.0 has a bug in
the assembler that prevents compilation of GCC. This bug manifests
itself during the first stage of compilation, while building
`libgcc2.a':

_floatdisf
cc1: warning: `-g' option not supported on this version of GCC
cc1: warning: `-g1' option not supported on this version of GCC
./xgcc: Internal compiler error: program as got fatal signal 11

A patched version of the assembler is available as the file
`ftp://altdorf.ai.mit.edu/archive/cph/hpux-8.0-assembler'. If you have
HP software support, the patch can also be obtained directly from HP,
as described in the following note:

This is the patched assembler, to patch SR#1653-010439, where the
assembler aborts on floating point constants.

The bug is not really in the assembler, but in the shared library
version of the function "cvtnum(3c)". The bug on "cvtnum(3c)" is
SR#4701-078451. Anyway, the attached assembler uses the archive
library version of "cvtnum(3c)" and thus does not exhibit the bug.

This patch is also known as PHCO_4484.

In addition gdb does not understand that native HP-UX format, so you
must use gas if you wish to use gdb.

On HP-UX version 8.05, but not on 8.07 or more recent versions, the
`fixproto' shell script triggers a bug in the system shell. If you
encounter this problem, upgrade your operating system or use BASH (the
GNU shell) to run `fixproto'. This bug will cause the fixproto program
to report an error of the form:

./fixproto: sh internal 1K buffer overflow

To fix this, you can also change the first line of the fixproto
script to look like:

#!/bin/ksh

mips-*-*
========

If on a MIPS system you get an error message saying "does not have gp
sections for all it's [sic] sectons [sic]", don't worry about it. This
happens whenever you use GAS with the MIPS linker, but there is not
really anything wrong, and it is okay to use the output file. You can
stop such warnings by installing the GNU linker.

It would be nice to extend GAS to produce the gp tables, but they are
optional, and there should not be a warning about their absence.

The libstdc++ atomic locking routines for MIPS targets requires MIPS
II and later. A patch went in just after the GCC 3.3 release to make
`mips*-*-*' use the generic implementation instead. You can also
configure for `mipsel-elf' as a workaround. The `mips*-*-linux*'
target continues to use the MIPS II routines. More work on this is
expected in future releases.

Cross-compilers for the Mips as target using the Mips assembler
currently do not work, because the auxiliary programs `mips-tdump.c'
and `mips-tfile.c' can't be compiled on anything but a Mips. It does
work to cross compile for a Mips if you use the GNU assembler and
linker.

mips-sgi-irix5
==============

In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 5, the `compiler_dev.hdr'
subsystem must be installed from the IDO CD-ROM supplied by SGI. It is
also available for download from
`ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/IRIX5.3/iris-development-option-5.3.tardist'.

If you use the MIPS C compiler to bootstrap, it may be necessary to
increase its table size for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500'
option. If you use the `-O2' optimization option, you also need to use
`-Olimit 3000'.

To enable debugging under IRIX 5, you must use GNU binutils 2.15 or
later, and use the `--with-gnu-as' and `--with-gnu-ld' `configure'
options when configuring GCC. You need to use GNU `ar' and `nm', also
distributed with GNU binutils.

Some users have reported that `/bin/sh' will hang during bootstrap.
This problem can be avoided by running the commands:

% CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/ksh
% export CONFIG_SHELL

before starting the build.

mips-sgi-irix6
==============

If you are using SGI's MIPSpro `cc' as your bootstrap compiler, you must
ensure that the N32 ABI is in use. To test this, compile a simple C
file with `cc' and then run `file' on the resulting object file. The
output should look like:

test.o: ELF N32 MSB ...

If you see:

test.o: ELF 32-bit MSB ...

test.o: ELF 64-bit MSB ...

then your version of `cc' uses the O32 or N64 ABI by default. You
should set the environment variable `CC' to `cc -n32' before
configuring GCC. SGI's MIPSpro 7.2 assembler may misassemble parts of
the compiler, causing bootstrap failures. MIPSpro 7.3 is known to
work. MIPSpro C 7.4 may cause bootstrap failures, too, due to a bug
when inlining `memcmp'. Either add `-U__INLINE_INTRINSICS' to the `CC'
environment variable as a workaround or upgrade to MIPSpro C 7.4.1m.

If you want the resulting `gcc' to run on old 32-bit systems with
the MIPS R4400 CPU, you need to ensure that only code for the `mips3'
instruction set architecture (ISA) is generated. While GCC 3.x does
this correctly, both GCC 2.95 and SGI's MIPSpro `cc' may change the ISA
depending on the machine where GCC is built. Using one of them as the
bootstrap compiler may result in `mips4' code, which won't run at all
on `mips3'-only systems. For the test program above, you should see:

test.o: ELF N32 MSB mips-3 ...

If you get:

test.o: ELF N32 MSB mips-4 ...

instead, you should set the environment variable `CC' to `cc -n32
-mips3' or `gcc -mips3' respectively before configuring GCC.

GCC on IRIX 6 is usually built to support the N32, O32 and N64 ABIs.
If you build GCC on a system that doesn't have the N64 libraries
installed or cannot run 64-bit binaries, you need to configure with
`--disable-multilib' so GCC doesn't try to use them. This will disable
building the O32 libraries, too. Look for `/usr/lib64/libc.so.1' to
see if you have the 64-bit libraries installed.

To enable debugging for the O32 ABI, you must use GNU `as' from GNU
binutils 2.15 or later. You may also use GNU `ld', but this is not
required and currently causes some problems with Ada.

The `--enable-threads' option doesn't currently work, a patch is in
preparation for a future release. The `--enable-libgcj' option is
disabled by default: IRIX 6 uses a very low default limit (20480) for
the command line length. Although `libtool' contains a workaround for
this problem, at least the N64 `libgcj' is known not to build despite
this, running into an internal error of the native `ld'. A sure fix is
to increase this limit (`ncargs') to its maximum of 262144 bytes. If
you have root access, you can use the `systune' command to do this.

See `http://freeware.sgi.com/' for more information about using GCC
on IRIX platforms.

powerpc-*-*
===========

You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu=CPU_TYPE' switch by
using the configure option `--with-cpu-CPU_TYPE'.

powerpc-*-darwin*
=================

PowerPC running Darwin (Mac OS X kernel).

Pre-installed versions of Mac OS X may not include any developer
tools, meaning that you will not be able to build GCC from source. Tool
binaries are available at
`http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/compiler/' (free
registration required).

The default stack limit of 512K is too small, which may cause
compiles to fail with 'Bus error'. Set the stack larger, for instance
by doing `limit stack 800'. It's a good idea to use the GNU
preprocessor instead of Apple's `cpp-precomp' during the first stage of
bootstrapping; this is automatic when doing `make bootstrap', but to do
it from the toplevel objdir you will need to say `make CC='cc
-no-cpp-precomp' bootstrap'.

The version of GCC shipped by Apple typically includes a number of
extensions not available in a standard GCC release. These extensions
are generally specific to Mac programming.

powerpc-*-elf, powerpc-*-sysv4
==============================

PowerPC system in big endian mode, running System V.4.

powerpc*-*-linux-gnu*
=====================

You will need binutils 2.15 or newer for a working GCC.

powerpc-*-netbsd*
=================

PowerPC system in big endian mode running NetBSD. To build the
documentation you will need Texinfo version 4.2 (NetBSD 1.5.1 included
Texinfo version 3.12).

powerpc-*-eabisim
=================

Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode for use in running under the
PSIM simulator.

powerpc-*-eabi
==============

Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode.

powerpcle-*-elf, powerpcle-*-sysv4
==================================

PowerPC system in little endian mode, running System V.4.

powerpcle-*-eabisim
===================

Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode for use in running under
the PSIM simulator.

powerpcle-*-eabi
================

Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode.

s390-*-linux*
=============

S/390 system running GNU/Linux for S/390.

s390x-*-linux*
==============

zSeries system (64-bit) running GNU/Linux for zSeries.

s390x-ibm-tpf*
==============

zSeries system (64-bit) running TPF. This platform is supported as
cross-compilation target only.

*-*-solaris2*
=============

Sun does not ship a C compiler with Solaris 2. To bootstrap and install
GCC you first have to install a pre-built compiler, see the binaries
page for details.

The Solaris 2 `/bin/sh' will often fail to configure `libstdc++-v3',
`boehm-gc' or `libjava'. We therefore recommend to use the following
sequence of commands to bootstrap and install GCC:

% CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/ksh
% export CONFIG_SHELL

and then proceed as described in the build instructions. In
addition we strongly recommend specifying an absolute path to invoke
SRCDIR/configure.

Solaris 2 comes with a number of optional OS packages. Some of these
are needed to use GCC fully, namely `SUNWarc', `SUNWbtool', `SUNWesu',
`SUNWhea', `SUNWlibm', `SUNWsprot', and `SUNWtoo'. If you did not
install all optional packages when installing Solaris 2, you will need
to verify that the packages that GCC needs are installed.

To check whether an optional package is installed, use the `pkginfo'
command. To add an optional package, use the `pkgadd' command. For
further details, see the Solaris 2 documentation.

Trying to use the linker and other tools in `/usr/ucb' to install
GCC has been observed to cause trouble. For example, the linker may
hang indefinitely. The fix is to remove `/usr/ucb' from your `PATH'.

The build process works more smoothly with the legacy Sun tools so,
if you have `/usr/xpg4/bin' in your `PATH', we recommend that you place
`/usr/bin' before `/usr/xpg4/bin' for the duration of the build.

All releases of GNU binutils prior to 2.11.2 have known bugs on this
platform. We recommend the use of GNU binutils 2.11.2 or later, or the
vendor tools (Sun `as', Sun `ld'). Note that your mileage may vary if
you use a combination of the GNU tools and the Sun tools: while the
combination GNU `as' + Sun `ld' should reasonably work, the reverse
combination Sun `as' + GNU `ld' is known to cause memory corruption at
runtime in some cases for C++ programs.

The stock GNU binutils 2.15 release is broken on this platform
because of a single bug. It has been fixed on the 2.15 branch in the
CVS repository. You can obtain a working version by checking out the
binutils-2_15-branch from the CVS repository or applying the patch
`http://sources.redhat.com/ml/binutils-cvs/2004-09/msg00036.html' to the
release.

Sun bug 4296832 turns up when compiling X11 headers with GCC 2.95 or
newer: `g++' will complain that types are missing. These headers assume
that omitting the type means `int'; this assumption worked for C89 but
is wrong for C++, and is now wrong for C99 also.

`g++' accepts such (invalid) constructs with the option
`-fpermissive'; it will assume that any missing type is `int' (as
defined by C89).

There are patches for Solaris 2.6 (105633-56 or newer for SPARC,
106248-42 or newer for Intel), Solaris 7 (108376-21 or newer for SPARC,
108377-20 for Intel), and Solaris 8 (108652-24 or newer for SPARC,
108653-22 for Intel) that fix this bug.

Sun bug 4927647 sometimes causes random spurious testsuite failures
related to missing diagnostic output. This bug doesn't affect GCC
itself, rather it is a kernel bug triggered by the `expect' program
which is used only by the GCC testsuite driver. When the bug causes
the `expect' program to miss anticipated output, extra testsuite
failures appear.

There are patches for Solaris 8 (117350-12 or newer for SPARC,
117351-12 or newer for Intel) and Solaris 9 (117171-11 or newer for
SPARC, 117172-11 or newer for Intel) that address this problem.

sparc-sun-solaris2*
===================

When GCC is configured to use binutils 2.11.2 or later the binaries
produced are smaller than the ones produced using Sun's native tools;
this difference is quite significant for binaries containing debugging
information.

Sun `as' 4.x is broken in that it cannot cope with long symbol names.
A typical error message might look similar to the following:

/usr/ccs/bin/as: "/var/tmp/ccMsw135.s", line 11041: error:
can't compute value of an expression involving an external symbol.

This is Sun bug 4237974. This is fixed with patch 108908-02 for
Solaris 2.6 and has been fixed in later (5.x) versions of the assembler,
starting with Solaris 7.

Starting with Solaris 7, the operating system is capable of executing
64-bit SPARC V9 binaries. GCC 3.1 and later properly supports this;
the `-m64' option enables 64-bit code generation. However, if all you
want is code tuned for the UltraSPARC CPU, you should try the
`-mtune=ultrasparc' option instead, which produces code that, unlike
full 64-bit code, can still run on non-UltraSPARC machines.

When configuring on a Solaris 7 or later system that is running a
kernel that supports only 32-bit binaries, one must configure with
`--disable-multilib', since we will not be able to build the 64-bit
target libraries.

GCC 3.3 and GCC 3.4 trigger code generation bugs in earlier versions
of the GNU compiler (especially GCC 3.0.x versions), which lead to the
miscompilation of the stage1 compiler and the subsequent failure of the
bootstrap process. A workaround is to use GCC 3.2.3 as an intermediary
stage, i.e. to bootstrap that compiler with the base compiler and then
use it to bootstrap the final compiler.

GCC 3.4 triggers a code generation bug in versions 5.4 (Sun ONE
Studio 7) and 5.5 (Sun ONE Studio 8) of the Sun compiler, which causes
a bootstrap failure in form of a miscompilation of the stage1 compiler
by the Sun compiler. This is Sun bug 4974440. This is fixed with
patch 112760-07.

GCC 3.4 changed the default debugging format from STABS to DWARF-2
for 32-bit code on Solaris 7 and later. If you use the Sun assembler,
this change apparently runs afoul of Sun bug 4910101 (which is
referenced as a x86-only problem by Sun, probably because they do not
use DWARF-2). A symptom of the problem is that you cannot compile C++
programs like `groff' 1.19.1 without getting messages similar to the
following:

ld: warning: relocation error: R_SPARC_UA32: ...
external symbolic relocation against non-allocatable section
.debug_info cannot be processed at runtime: relocation ignored.

To work around this problem, compile with `-gstabs+' instead of
plain `-g'.

sparc-sun-solaris2.7
====================

Sun patch 107058-01 (1999-01-13) for Solaris 7/SPARC triggers a bug in
the dynamic linker. This problem (Sun bug 4210064) affects GCC 2.8 and
later, including all EGCS releases. Sun formerly recommended 107058-01
for all Solaris 7 users, but around 1999-09-01 it started to recommend
it only for people who use Sun's compilers.

Here are some workarounds to this problem:
* Do not install Sun patch 107058-01 until after Sun releases a
complete patch for bug 4210064. This is the simplest course to
take, unless you must also use Sun's C compiler. Unfortunately
107058-01 is preinstalled on some new Solaris 7-based hosts, so
you may have to back it out.

* Copy the original, unpatched Solaris 7 `/usr/ccs/bin/as' into
`/usr/local/libexec/gcc/sparc-sun-solaris2.7/3.4/as', adjusting
the latter name to fit your local conventions and software version
numbers.

* Install Sun patch 106950-03 (1999-05-25) or later. Nobody with
both 107058-01 and 106950-03 installed has reported the bug with
GCC and Sun's dynamic linker. This last course of action is
riskiest, for two reasons. First, you must install 106950 on all
hosts that run code generated by GCC; it doesn't suffice to
install it only on the hosts that run GCC itself. Second, Sun
says that 106950-03 is only a partial fix for bug 4210064, but Sun
doesn't know whether the partial fix is adequate for GCC.
Revision -08 or later should fix the bug. The current (as of
2004-05-23) revision is -24, and is included in the Solaris 7
Recommended Patch Cluster.

GCC 3.3 triggers a bug in version 5.0 Alpha 03/27/98 of the Sun
assembler, which causes a bootstrap failure when linking the 64-bit
shared version of libgcc. A typical error message is:

ld: fatal: relocation error: R_SPARC_32: file libgcc/sparcv9/_muldi3.o:
symbol <unknown>: offset 0xffffffff7ec133e7 is non-aligned.

This bug has been fixed in the final 5.0 version of the assembler.

sparc-*-linux*
==============

GCC versions 3.0 and higher require binutils 2.11.2 and glibc 2.2.4 or
newer on this platform. All earlier binutils and glibc releases
mishandled unaligned relocations on `sparc-*-*' targets.

sparc64-*-solaris2*
===================

The following compiler flags must be specified in the configure step in
order to bootstrap this target with the Sun compiler:

% CC="cc -xildoff -xarch=v9" SRCDIR/configure [OPTIONS] [TARGET]

`-xildoff' turns off the incremental linker, and `-xarch=v9'
specifies the SPARC-V9 architecture to the Sun linker and assembler.

sparcv9-*-solaris2*
===================

This is a synonym for sparc64-*-solaris2*.

*-*-sysv*
=========

On System V release 3, you may get this error message while linking:

ld fatal: failed to write symbol name SOMETHING
in strings table for file WHATEVER

This probably indicates that the disk is full or your ulimit won't
allow the file to be as large as it needs to be.

This problem can also result because the kernel parameter `MAXUMEM'
is too small. If so, you must regenerate the kernel and make the value
much larger. The default value is reported to be 1024; a value of 32768
is said to work. Smaller values may also work.

On System V, if you get an error like this,

/usr/local/lib/bison.simple: In function `yyparse':
/usr/local/lib/bison.simple:625: virtual memory exhausted

that too indicates a problem with disk space, ulimit, or `MAXUMEM'.

On a System V release 4 system, make sure `/usr/bin' precedes
`/usr/ucb' in `PATH'. The `cc' command in `/usr/ucb' uses libraries
which have bugs.

vax-dec-ultrix
==============

Don't try compiling with VAX C (`vcc'). It produces incorrect code in
some cases (for example, when `alloca' is used).

*-*-vxworks*
============

Support for VxWorks is in flux. At present GCC supports _only_ the
very recent VxWorks 5.5 (aka Tornado 2.2) release, and only on PowerPC.
We welcome patches for other architectures supported by VxWorks 5.5.
Support for VxWorks AE would also be welcome; we believe this is merely
a matter of writing an appropriate "configlette" (see below). We are
not interested in supporting older, a.out or COFF-based, versions of
VxWorks in GCC 3.

VxWorks comes with an older version of GCC installed in
`$WIND_BASE/host'; we recommend you do not overwrite it. Choose an
installation PREFIX entirely outside $WIND_BASE. Before running
`configure', create the directories `PREFIX' and `PREFIX/bin'. Link or
copy the appropriate assembler, linker, etc. into `PREFIX/bin', and set
your PATH to include that directory while running both `configure' and
`make'.

You must give `configure' the `--with-headers=$WIND_BASE/target/h'
switch so that it can find the VxWorks system headers. Since VxWorks
is a cross compilation target only, you must also specify
`--target=TARGET'. `configure' will attempt to create the directory
`PREFIX/TARGET/sys-include' and copy files into it; make sure the user
running `configure' has sufficient privilege to do so.

GCC's exception handling runtime requires a special "configlette"
module, `contrib/gthr_supp_vxw_5x.c'. Follow the instructions in that
file to add the module to your kernel build. (Future versions of
VxWorks will incorporate this module.)

x86_64-*-*, amd64-*-*
=====================

GCC supports the x86-64 architecture implemented by the AMD64 processor
(amd64-*-* is an alias for x86_64-*-*) on GNU/Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD.
On GNU/Linux the default is a bi-arch compiler which is able to generate
both 64-bit x86-64 and 32-bit x86 code (via the `-m32' switch).

xtensa-*-elf
============

This target is intended for embedded Xtensa systems using the `newlib'
C library. It uses ELF but does not support shared objects.
Designed-defined instructions specified via the Tensilica Instruction
Extension (TIE) language are only supported through inline assembly.

The Xtensa configuration information must be specified prior to
building GCC. The `include/xtensa-config.h' header file contains the
configuration information. If you created your own Xtensa
configuration with the Xtensa Processor Generator, the downloaded files
include a customized copy of this header file, which you can use to
replace the default header file.

xtensa-*-linux*
===============

This target is for Xtensa systems running GNU/Linux. It supports ELF
shared objects and the GNU C library (glibc). It also generates
position-independent code (PIC) regardless of whether the `-fpic' or
`-fPIC' options are used. In other respects, this target is the same
as the `xtensa-*-elf' target.

Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
==========================

A port of GCC 2.95.2 and 3.x is included with the Cygwin environment.

Current (as of early 2001) snapshots of GCC will build under Cygwin
without modification.

GCC does not currently build with Microsoft's C++ compiler and there
are no plans to make it do so.

OS/2
====

GCC does not currently support OS/2. However, Andrew Zabolotny has been
working on a generic OS/2 port with pgcc. The current code can be found
at http://www.goof.com/pcg/os2/.

Older systems
=============

GCC contains support files for many older (1980s and early 1990s) Unix
variants. For the most part, support for these systems has not been
deliberately removed, but it has not been maintained for several years
and may suffer from bitrot.

Starting with GCC 3.1, each release has a list of "obsoleted"
systems. Support for these systems is still present in that release,
but `configure' will fail unless the `--enable-obsolete' option is
given. Unless a maintainer steps forward, support for these systems
will be removed from the next release of GCC.

Support for old systems as hosts for GCC can cause problems if the
workarounds for compiler, library and operating system bugs affect the
cleanliness or maintainability of the rest of GCC. In some cases, to
bring GCC up on such a system, if still possible with current GCC, may
require first installing an old version of GCC which did work on that
system, and using it to compile a more recent GCC, to avoid bugs in the
vendor compiler. Old releases of GCC 1 and GCC 2 are available in the
`old-releases' directory on the GCC mirror sites. Header bugs may
generally be avoided using `fixincludes', but bugs or deficiencies in
libraries and the operating system may still cause problems.

Support for older systems as targets for cross-compilation is less
problematic than support for them as hosts for GCC; if an enthusiast
wishes to make such a target work again (including resurrecting any of
the targets that never worked with GCC 2, starting from the last CVS
version before they were removed), patches following the usual
requirements would be likely to be accepted, since they should not
affect the support for more modern targets.

For some systems, old versions of GNU binutils may also be useful,
and are available from `pub/binutils/old-releases' on
sources.redhat.com mirror sites.

Some of the information on specific systems above relates to such
older systems, but much of the information about GCC on such systems
(which may no longer be applicable to current GCC) is to be found in
the GCC texinfo manual.

all ELF targets (SVR4, Solaris 2, etc.)
=======================================

C++ support is significantly better on ELF targets if you use the GNU
linker; duplicate copies of inlines, vtables and template
instantiations will be discarded automatically.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Old, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Specific, Up: Top

10 Old installation documentation
*********************************

Note most of this information is out of date and superseded by the
previous chapters of this manual. It is provided for historical
reference only, because of a lack of volunteers to merge it into the
main manual.

* Menu:

* Configurations:: Configurations Supported by GCC.

Here is the procedure for installing GCC on a GNU or Unix system.

1. If you have chosen a configuration for GCC which requires other GNU
tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard
system tools, install the required tools in the build directory
under the names `as', `ld' or whatever is appropriate.

Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of
the `PATH' environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools
come before the standard system tools.

2. Specify the host, build and target machine configurations. You do
this when you run the `configure' script.

The "build" machine is the system which you are using, the "host"
machine is the system where you want to run the resulting compiler
(normally the build machine), and the "target" machine is the
system for which you want the compiler to generate code.

If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it
runs on (a native compiler), you normally do not need to specify
any operands to `configure'; it will try to guess the type of
machine you are on and use that as the build, host and target
machines. So you don't need to specify a configuration when
building a native compiler unless `configure' cannot figure out
what your configuration is or guesses wrong.

In those cases, specify the build machine's "configuration name"
with the `--host' option; the host and target will default to be
the same as the host machine.

Here is an example:

./configure --host=sparc-sun-sunos4.1

A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less
abbreviated.

A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by
dashes. It looks like this: `CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM'. (The three
parts may themselves contain dashes; `configure' can figure out
which dashes serve which purpose.) For example,
`m68k-sun-sunos4.1' specifies a Sun 3.

You can also replace parts of the configuration by nicknames or
aliases. For example, `sun3' stands for `m68k-sun', so
`sun3-sunos4.1' is another way to specify a Sun 3.

You can specify a version number after any of the system types,
and some of the CPU types. In most cases, the version is
irrelevant, and will be ignored. So you might as well specify the
version if you know it.

See *Note Configurations::, for a list of supported configuration
names and notes on many of the configurations. You should check
the notes in that section before proceeding any further with the
installation of GCC.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Configurations, Up: Old

10.1 Configurations Supported by GCC
====================================

Here are the possible CPU types:

1750a, a29k, alpha, arm, avr, cN, clipper, dsp16xx, elxsi, fr30,
h8300, hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i370, i386, i486, i586, i686, i786, i860,
i960, ip2k, m32r, m68000, m68k, m6811, m6812, m88k, mcore, mips,
mipsel, mips64, mips64el, mn10200, mn10300, ns32k, pdp11, powerpc,
powerpcle, romp, rs6000, sh, sparc, sparclite, sparc64, v850, vax,
we32k.

Here are the recognized company names. As you can see, customary
abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names.

acorn, alliant, altos, apollo, apple, att, bull, cbm, convergent,
convex, crds, dec, dg, dolphin, elxsi, encore, harris, hitachi,
hp, ibm, intergraph, isi, mips, motorola, ncr, next, ns, omron,
plexus, sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom, wrs.

The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest of
the information supplied is insufficient. You can omit it, writing
just `CPU-SYSTEM', if it is not needed. For example, `vax-ultrix4.2'
is equivalent to `vax-dec-ultrix4.2'.

Here is a list of system types:

386bsd, aix, acis, amigaos, aos, aout, aux, bosx, bsd, clix, coff,
ctix, cxux, dgux, dynix, ebmon, ecoff, elf, esix, freebsd, hms,
genix, gnu, linux, linux-gnu, hiux, hpux, iris, irix, isc, luna,
lynxos, mach, minix, msdos, mvs, netbsd, newsos, nindy, ns, osf,
osfrose, ptx, riscix, riscos, rtu, sco, sim, solaris, sunos, sym,
sysv, udi, ultrix, unicos, uniplus, unos, vms, vsta, vxworks,
winnt, xenix.

You can omit the system type; then `configure' guesses the operating
system from the CPU and company.

You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may not
make a difference. For example, you can write `bsd4.3' or `bsd4.4' to
distinguish versions of BSD. In practice, the version number is most
needed for `sysv3' and `sysv4', which are often treated differently.

`linux-gnu' is the canonical name for the GNU/Linux target; however
GCC will also accept `linux'. The version of the kernel in use is not
relevant on these systems. A suffix such as `libc1' or `aout'
distinguishes major versions of the C library; all of the suffixed
versions are obsolete.

If you specify an impossible combination such as `i860-dg-vms', then
you may get an error message from `configure', or it may ignore part of
the information and do the best it can with the rest. `configure'
always prints the canonical name for the alternative that it used. GCC
does not support all possible alternatives.

Often a particular model of machine has a name. Many machine names
are recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations. Thus, the
machine name `sun3', mentioned above, is an alias for `m68k-sun'.
Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name, when the name is
popularly used for a particular machine. Here is a table of the known
machine names:

3300, 3b1, 3bN, 7300, altos3068, altos, apollo68, att-7300,
balance, convex-cN, crds, decstation-3100, decstation, delta,
encore, fx2800, gmicro, hp7NN, hp8NN, hp9k2NN, hp9k3NN, hp9k7NN,
hp9k8NN, iris4d, iris, isi68, m3230, magnum, merlin, miniframe,
mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next, pbd, pc532, pmax, powerpc,
powerpcle, ps2, risc-news, rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3,
sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower.

Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the company
name. If you want to install your own homemade configuration files,
you can use `local' as the company name to access them. If you use
configuration `CPU-local', the configuration name without the cpu prefix
is used to form the configuration file names.

Thus, if you specify `m68k-local', configuration uses files
`m68k.md', `local.h', `m68k.c', `xm-local.h', `t-local', and `x-local',
all in the directory `config/m68k'.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Old, Up: Top

GNU Free Documentation License
******************************

Version 1.2, November 2002

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
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being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
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We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
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of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one
passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the
Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
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you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the
documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow
this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of
that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
works permit. When the Document is included an aggregate, this
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
`http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
that specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
permit their use in free software.

File: gccinstall.info, Node: Concept Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top

Concept Index
*************

[index]
* Menu:

* Binaries: Binaries. (line 6)
* Configuration: Configuration. (line 6)
* configurations supported by GCC: Configurations. (line 6)
* Downloading GCC: Downloading the source.
(line 6)
* Downloading the Source: Downloading the source.
(line 6)
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
(line 6)
* Host specific installation: Specific. (line 6)
* Installing GCC: Binaries: Binaries. (line 6)
* Installing GCC: Building: Building. (line 6)
* Installing GCC: Configuration: Configuration. (line 6)
* Installing GCC: Testing: Testing. (line 6)
* Prerequisites: Prerequisites. (line 6)
* Specific: Specific. (line 6)
* Specific installation notes: Specific. (line 6)
* Target specific installation: Specific. (line 6)
* Target specific installation notes: Specific. (line 6)
* Testing: Testing. (line 6)
* Testsuite: Testing. (line 6)

Tag Table:
Node: Top1880
Node: Installing GCC2438
Node: Prerequisites3953
Node: Downloading the source10023
Node: Configuration11649
Ref: with-gnu-as24710
Ref: with-as25982
Ref: with-gnu-ld26987
Node: Building48022
Node: Testing58998
Node: Final install66884
Node: Binaries71591
Node: Specific73371
Ref: alpha-x-x73658
Ref: alpha-dec-osf74147
Ref: alphaev5-cray-unicosmk77724
Ref: arc-x-elf78671
Ref: arm-x-elf78771
Ref: xscale-x-x78792
Ref: arm-x-coff79028
Ref: arm-x-aout79230
Ref: avr79352
Ref: c4x80036
Ref: cris80634
Ref: dos81616
Ref: dsp16xx81939
Ref: x-x-freebsd82006
Ref: h8300-hms84389
Ref: hppa-hp-hpux84741
Ref: hppa-hp-hpux1086064
Ref: hppa-hp-hpux1186720
Ref: i370-x-x93581
Ref: x-x-linux-gnu93718
Ref: ix86-x-linuxaout93910
Ref: ix86-x-linux94069
Ref: ix86-x-sco32v594810
Ref: ix86-x-udk96979
Ref: ia64-x-linux98343
Ref: ia64-x-hpux99113
Ref: x-ibm-aix99664
Ref: ip2k-x-elf105334
Ref: iq2000-x-elf105565
Ref: m32r-x-elf105705
Ref: m6811-elf105807
Ref: m6812-elf105957
Ref: m68k-hp-hpux106107
Ref: mips-x-x107846
Ref: mips-sgi-irix5108988
Ref: mips-sgi-irix6109957
Ref: powerpc-x-x112778
Ref: powerpc-x-darwin112923
Ref: powerpc-x-elf113873
Ref: powerpc-x-linux-gnu113992
Ref: powerpc-x-netbsd114094
Ref: powerpc-x-eabisim114290
Ref: powerpc-x-eabi114416
Ref: powerpcle-x-elf114492
Ref: powerpcle-x-eabisim114622
Ref: powerpcle-x-eabi114755
Ref: s390-x-linux114838
Ref: s390x-x-linux114910
Ref: s390x-ibm-tpf114997
Ref: x-x-solaris2115128
Ref: sparc-sun-solaris2118711
Ref: sparc-sun-solaris27121437
Ref: sparc-x-linux123507
Ref: sparc64-x-solaris2123732
Ref: sparcv9-x-solaris2124108
Ref: x-x-sysv124193
Ref: vax-dec-ultrix125154
Ref: x-x-vxworks125306
Ref: x86-64-x-x126828
Ref: xtensa-x-elf127156
Ref: xtensa-x-linux127825
Ref: windows128163
Ref: os2128487
Ref: older128678
Ref: elf130803
Node: Old131061
Node: Configurations134198
Node: GNU Free Documentation License138180
Node: Concept Index160586

End Tag Table

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