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<font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="+2"><b>mod_ssl</b></font>
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<img src="ssl_template.head-chapter.gif" alt="Chapter" width="175" height="94"> <img src="ssl_template.head-num-7.gif" alt="7" width="74" height="89">
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<br>
<img src="ssl_template.title-gloss.gif" alt="Glossary" width="456" height="60">
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<em>
``I know you believe you understand what you think I said, but I am not sure you
realize that what you heard is not what I meant.''
</em>
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<font size="-1">
Richard Nixon
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<dl>
<dt><div id="term">Authentication</div>
<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
client, or a user. In SSL context the server and client
<em>Certificate</em> verification process.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Access Control</div>
<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In Apache context
usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Algorithm</div>
<dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called <em>Ciphers</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certificate</div>
<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <em>Certificate
Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
CA certificates.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certification Authority (CA)</div>
<dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network
entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities
can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer
of a certificate.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</div>
<dd>An unsigned certificate for submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>,
which signs it with the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once
the CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Cipher</div>
<dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Ciphertext</div>
<dd>The result after a <em>Plaintext</em> passed a <em>Cipher</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Configuration Directive</div>
<dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of a program's
behavior. In Apache context these are all the command names in the first
column of the configuration files.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">CONNECT</div>
<dd>A HTTP command for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It can be used to
encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL protocol.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Digital Signature</div>
<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
<em>Certification Authority</em> creates a signature by generating a
hash of the <em>Public Key</em> embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then
encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Export-Crippled</div>
<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
force.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name (FQDN)</div>
<dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain
name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, <code>www</code> is a
hostname, <code>whatever.com</code> is a domain name, and
<code>www.whatever.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</div>
<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol is the standard transmission protocol used
on the World Wide Web.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">HTTPS</div>
<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
over SSL.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Message Digest</div>
<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
the message have not been altered in transit.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">OpenSSL</div>
<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS;
see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Pass Phrase</div>
<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files.
It prevents unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just
the secret encryption/decryption key used for <em>Ciphers</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Plaintext</div>
<dd>The unencrypted text.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Private Key</div>
<dd>The secret key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Public Key</div>
<dd>The publically available key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures made by its
owner.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Public Key Cryptography</div>
<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use one
key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of
such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Crypography.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</div>
<dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for
general communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks.
The most popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Session</div>
<dd>The context information of an SSL communication.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">SSLeay</div>
<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
Eric A. Young <eay@aus.rsa.com>;
see <a href="http://www.ssleay.org/">http://www.ssleay.org/</a>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Symmetric Cryptography</div>
<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
for both encryption and decryption operations.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Transport Layer Security (TLS)</div>
<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Uniform Resource Locator (URL)</div>
<dd>The formal identifier to locate various resources on the World Wide Web.
The most popular URL scheme is <code>http</code>. SSL uses the
scheme <code>https</code>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">X.509</div>
<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.
</dl>
<p>
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<td align="left"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">
<a href="http://www.modssl.org/">mod_ssl</a> 2.8, User Manual<br>
The Apache Interface to OpenSSL
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Copyright © 1998-2001
<a href="http://www.engelschall.com/">Ralf S. Engelschall</a><br>
All Rights Reserved<br>
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