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<refentry>
<refentryinfo>
<date>June 30, 2000</date>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle><application>lwresd</application></refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><application>lwresd</application></refname>
<refpurpose>lightweight resolver daemon</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<docinfo>
<copyright>
<year>2004</year>
<year>2005</year>
<year>2007</year>
<year>2008</year>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2000</year>
<year>2001</year>
<holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
</copyright>
</docinfo>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>lwresd</command>
<arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-C <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-f</option></arg>
<arg><option>-g</option></arg>
<arg><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">pid-file</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-v</option></arg>
<arg><option>-4</option></arg>
<arg><option>-6</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para><command>lwresd</command>
is the daemon providing name lookup
services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver
library. It is essentially a stripped-down, caching-only name
server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight
resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol.
</para>
<para><command>lwresd</command>
listens for resolver queries on a
UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127.0.0.1. This
means that <command>lwresd</command> can only be used by
processes running on the local machine. By default, UDP port
number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and
responses.
</para>
<para>
Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the
server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol. When
the DNS lookup completes, <command>lwresd</command> encodes
the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns
them to the client that made the request.
</para>
<para>
If <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> contains any
<option>nameserver</option> entries, <command>lwresd</command>
sends recursive DNS queries to those servers. This is similar
to the use of forwarders in a caching name server. If no
<option>nameserver</option> entries are present, or if
forwarding fails, <command>lwresd</command> resolves the
queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using
a built-in list of root server hints.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>OPTIONS</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>-4</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
<option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
exclusive.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-6</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
<option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
exclusive.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<!-- this is in source but not mentioned? does this matter? -->
<varlistentry>
<term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the
configuration file instead of the default,
<filename>/etc/lwresd.conf</filename>.
<!-- Should this be an absolute path name? -->
<option>-c</option> can not be used with <option>-C</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-C <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the
configuration file instead of the default,
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
<option>-C</option> can not be used with <option>-c</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the daemon's debug level to <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable>.
Debugging traces from <command>lwresd</command> become
more verbose as the debug level increases.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-f</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-g</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
to <filename>stderr</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">pid-file</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use <replaceable class="parameter">pid-file</replaceable> as the
PID file instead of the default,
<filename>/var/run/lwresd/lwresd.pid</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
<replaceable class="parameter">usage</replaceable>,
<replaceable class="parameter">trace</replaceable>,
<replaceable class="parameter">record</replaceable>,
<replaceable class="parameter">size</replaceable>, and
<replaceable class="parameter">mctx</replaceable>.
These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
<filename><isc/mem.h></filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Create <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable> worker threads
to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
<command>lwresd</command> will try to determine the
number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
single worker thread will be created.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-P <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port
<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If
not specified, the default is port 921.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Send DNS lookups to port <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If not
specified, the default is port 53. This provides a
way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a
name server that listens for queries on a non-standard
port number.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-s</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Write memory usage statistics to <filename>stdout</filename>
on exit.
</para>
<note>
<para>
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
and may be removed or changed in a future release.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>Chroot
to <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
This option should be used in conjunction with the
<option>-u</option> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <function>chroot(2)</function> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</para>
</warning>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>Setuid
to <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-v</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Report the version number and exit.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>FILES</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default configuration file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/var/run/lwresd.pid</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default process-id file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
<para><citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>lwres</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>resolver</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>AUTHOR</title>
<para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>
</para>
</refsect1>
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