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# <pre> # @(#)africa 8.33 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, # but Mark R V Murray reports that # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. # # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. # # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of # until we get more information. # # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # Algeria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's # more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 1:00 - CET # Angola # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 1:00 - WAT # Benin # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 1:00 - WAT # Botswana # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - CAT # Burkina Faso # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Burundi # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 2:00 - CAT # Cameroon # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Cape Verde # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 -1:00 - CVT # Central African Republic # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Chad # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 1:00 - WAT # Comoros # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT # Democratic Republic of Congo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 1:00 - WAT Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 2:00 - CAT # Republic of the Congo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Cote D'Ivoire # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT # Djibouti # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT ############################################################################### # Egypt # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." # # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 # </a> # or # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html # </a> Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday # after observing the daylight saving time since May. # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): # # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Apr 23 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = # Apr 24 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= # :59) # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ # # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. # # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 # </a> # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 # </a> # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ # </a> # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday # in September. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet # Information and Decision Support Center: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html # </a> # # The Middle East News Agency # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx # </a> # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine # (at least today). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during # Ramadan. # # Arabic translation: # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again # </a> # or # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html # </a> Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT # Equatorial Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 1:00 - WAT # Eritrea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Ethiopia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 3:00 - EAT # Gabon # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Gambia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time -1:00 - WAT 1964 0:00 - GMT # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana %s # Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 0:00 - GMT # Guinea-Bissau # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 -1:00 - WAT 1975 0:00 - GMT # Kenya # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1940 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 3:00 - EAT # Lesotho # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - SAST # Liberia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 0:00 - GMT ############################################################################### # Libya # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT # Malawi # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Mali # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 0:00 - GMT # Mauritania # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 0:00 - GMT # Mauritius # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial # basis.... # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): # According to # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 # </a> # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). # # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which # changes two days later. # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... # # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. # ... # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html # </a> # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): # The Government of Mauritius weblink # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # </a> # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: # # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 # and end on 29 March 2009. # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf # </a> # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe # DST the coming summer... # # Some sources, in French: # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB # </a> # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- # </a> # # Our wrap-up: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html # </a> # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time # Agalega Is, Rodriguez # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius # Mayotte # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT # Morocco # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. # # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." # # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html # </a> # OR # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html # </a> # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view # </a> # # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. # spokesman. # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): # According to this article: # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html # </a> # (and republished here: # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html # </a> # ) # the changes occurs at midnight: # # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) # sunday night the 28th at midnight # # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive # june1st to sept 27th. # # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree # published on the web. # # It's also confirmed here: # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm # </a> # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet # posted in english). # # The following google query will generate many relevant hits: # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search # </a> # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow # Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of # Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named # SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end # of September: # # One article about it (in French): # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default # </a> # # We have some further details posted here: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html # </a> # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according # to many sources, such as # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html # </a> # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 # </a> # (French) # # Our summary: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html # </a> # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics # # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. # # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf # </a> # # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html # </a> # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. # # Example: # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html # </a> # (French) # Our page: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html # </a> # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 # ...Official links of change in morocco # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at # +212.537.71.84.00 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ # </a> # They said that # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view # </a> # is the official publication to look at. # They said that the decision was already taken. # # More articles in the press # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev # </a> # e.html # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 # </a> # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim # anche-prochain-5538.html # </a> # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): # They have it written in English here: # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view # </a> # # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has # also been like that in the past. # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 0:00 Morocco WE%sT # Western Sahara Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 0:00 - WET # Mozambique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Namibia # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest # of the country. # # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1:00 Namibia WA%sT # Niger # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 0:00 - GMT 1960 1:00 - WAT # Nigeria # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1:00 - WAT # Reunion # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time # # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. # The following information about them is taken from # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; # no longer available as of 1999-08-17). # We have no info about their time zone histories. # # Bassas da India - uninhabited # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Rwanda # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 2:00 - CAT # St Helena # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): # on GMT, says the CIA # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT # Sao Tome and Principe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 0:00 - GMT # Senegal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 0:00 - GMT # Seychelles # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Sierra Leone # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time -1:00 SL %s 1957 0:00 SL %s # Somalia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 3:00 - EAT 1931 2:30 - BEAT 1957 3:00 - EAT # South Africa # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SAST # Marion and Prince Edward Is # scientific station since 1947 # no information # Sudan # # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT # South Sudan Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT # Swaziland # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - SAST # Tanzania # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 3:00 - EAT # Togo # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 0:00 - GMT # Tunisia # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next # Saturday." (My translation) # # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, # 1h standard time. # # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. # (Arabic) # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 # </a> # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp # </a> # # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html # </a> # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency # # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): # # (in English) # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 # </a> # # (in Arabic) # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 # </a> # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 # # (translation): # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on # Sunday... # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." # # (in Arabic) # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 # or # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's # more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT # Uganda # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1948 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 3:00 - EAT # Zambia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT # Zimbabwe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT