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# <pre> # @(#)antarctica 8.10 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> # COMNAP - Stations and Bases # </a> # and # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) # </a> # for information. # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. # # Except for the French entries, # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, # which is used below in specifying the transition. Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # Argentina - year-round bases # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) # Australia - territories # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> # Margaret Turner reports # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; # presumably this is when they have visitors. # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). # # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 # </a> # # We have more background information here: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html # </a> # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do # on 4 April. # # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but # has not been decided yet. # # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 # 20:00 UTC. # # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. # # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. # # Background: # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html # </a> # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 # Casey Time 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 8:00 - WST Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 7:00 - DAVT Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 # Mawson Time 5:00 - MAWT Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time # References: # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) # </a> # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) # </a> # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) # </a> # Brazil - year-round base # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 # Chile - year-round bases and towns # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. # China - year-round bases # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 # France - year-round bases # # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came # from Tasmania. # # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 # # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time # # year-round base in the main continent # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 # # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time # Reference: # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) # </a> # Germany - year-round base # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 # India - year-round base # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 # Japan - year-round bases # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 # Syowa, -690022+0393524 # # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. # # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time # See: # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) # </a> # S Korea - year-round base # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 # New Zealand - claims # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) # Scott Island (never inhabited) # # year-round base # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. # # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S # Norway - territories # Bouvet (never inhabited) # # claims # Peter I Island (never inhabited) # Poland - year-round base # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 # Russia - year-round bases # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same # time as Moscow, Russia. # # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is # what they had to say about time there: # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' # # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. # Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time # S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island, -4653+03752 # Sanae, -7141-00250 # UK # # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims # South Orkney Islands # scientific station from 1903 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 # South Shetland Islands # # year-round bases # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, # scientific station 1943/1967, # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, # and a garrison was deployed briefly # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 # # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time # Uruguay - year round base # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 # USA - year-round bases # # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) # # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT # # # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT # # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 # # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. # # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) # # From Susan Smith # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): # We use the same time as McMurdo does. # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... # One last quirk about South Pole time. # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! # Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole