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.\"     @(#)radixsort.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 1/27/94
.\" $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.3 165903 2007-01-09 00:28:16Z imp $
.\"
.Dd January 27, 1994
.Dt RADIXSORT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm radixsort , sradixsort
.Nd radix sort
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In limits.h
.In stdlib.h
.Ft int
.Fn radixsort "const unsigned char **base" "int nmemb" "const unsigned char *table" "unsigned endbyte"
.Ft int
.Fn sradixsort "const unsigned char **base" "int nmemb" "const unsigned char *table" "unsigned endbyte"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn radixsort
and
.Fn sradixsort
functions
are implementations of radix sort.
.Pp
These functions sort an array of pointers to byte strings, the initial
member of which is referenced by
.Fa base .
The byte strings may contain any values; the end of each string
is denoted by the user-specified value
.Fa endbyte .
.Pp
Applications may specify a sort order by providing the
.Fa table
argument.
If
.Pf non- Dv NULL ,
.Fa table
must reference an array of
.Dv UCHAR_MAX
+ 1 bytes which contains the sort
weight of each possible byte value.
The end-of-string byte must have a sort weight of 0 or 255
(for sorting in reverse order).
More than one byte may have the same sort weight.
The
.Fa table
argument
is useful for applications which wish to sort different characters
equally, for example, providing a table with the same weights
for A-Z as for a-z will result in a case-insensitive sort.
If
.Fa table
is NULL, the contents of the array are sorted in ascending order
according to the
.Tn ASCII
order of the byte strings they reference and
.Fa endbyte
has a sorting weight of 0.
.Pp
The
.Fn sradixsort
function is stable, that is, if two elements compare as equal, their
order in the sorted array is unchanged.
The
.Fn sradixsort
function uses additional memory sufficient to hold
.Fa nmemb
pointers.
.Pp
The
.Fn radixsort
function is not stable, but uses no additional memory.
.Pp
These functions are variants of most-significant-byte radix sorting; in
particular, see
.An "D.E. Knuth" Ns 's
.%T "Algorithm R"
and section 5.2.5, exercise 10.
They take linear time relative to the number of bytes in the strings.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Rv -std radixsort
.Sh ERRORS
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value of the
.Fa endbyte
element of
.Fa table
is not 0 or 255.
.El
.Pp
Additionally, the
.Fn sradixsort
function
may fail and set
.Va errno
for any of the errors specified for the library routine
.Xr malloc 3 .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr sort 1 ,
.Xr qsort 3
.Pp
.Rs
.%A Knuth, D.E.
.%D 1968
.%B "The Art of Computer Programming"
.%T "Sorting and Searching"
.%V Vol. 3
.%P pp. 170-178
.Re
.Rs
.%A Paige, R.
.%D 1987
.%T "Three Partition Refinement Algorithms"
.%J "SIAM J. Comput."
.%V Vol. 16
.%N No. 6
.Re
.Rs
.%A McIlroy, P.
.%D 1993
.%B "Engineering Radix Sort"
.%T "Computing Systems"
.%V Vol. 6:1
.%P pp. 5-27
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn radixsort
function first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .