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.\" $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/share/doc/papers/timecounter/tmac.usenix 116411 2003-06-15 18:49:46Z phk $ .ds CC " .nr PS 10 .nr FU 0.0i \" priniter prints this much too low .nr VS 11 .ds Q `\h'-0.02i'` .ds U '\h'-0.02i'' .ds `` `\h'-0.02i'` .ds '' '\h'-0.02i'' .\" footnote stuff .nr * 0 1 .ds [. \|[ .ds .] ] .if t .ds [, \s-2\v'-.4m'\f2 .if n .ds [, [ .if t .ds ,] \v'.4m'\s+2\fP .if n .ds ,] ] .ds * \*([,\\n+*\*(,] .ds [o `` .ds [c '' .ev 1 .ps \n(PS .vs \n(VS .ev .de pp .PP .. .de PP .LP .if t .ti 0.3i .if n .ti 5 .. .de LP .if t .sp 0.3 .if n .sp .ne 1 .in 0 .nr Ia 0 .nr Ic 0 .fi .. .de IP .if t .sp 0.3 .if n .sp .\" Ia = total indent for this guy .\" Ib = .ti value for this guy .\" Ic = auxiliary indent .nr Ib 0.0i .if \\n(Ia=0 .nr Ia 0.2i .if !\\$1 \{\ . nr Ia \w\\$1\ \ u . nr Ib \\n(Ia .\} .if !\\$2 .nr Ia \\$2n .in \\n(Iau .in +\\n(Icu .ti -\\n(Ibu .if !\\$1 \{\ \&\\$1\ \ \c .\} .. .de QP .IP .. .de RS .nr Ic +0.2i .. .de RE .nr Ic -0.2i .. .de PN .rs 'sp |10.4i-\\n(FUu .rs 'sp |10.4i-\\n(FUu \" how many traps could there be? .rs 'sp |10.4i-\\n(FUu .PO 'ie e \{\ .ev 2 .\".if t 'tl \s10\f3%\\*(CC\fP\s0 .ev '\} 'el \{\ .ev 2 .\".if t 'tl \s10\f3\\*(CC%\fP\s0 .ev '\} .po .wh 0 hh 'bp .. .de ff .nr dn 0 .if \\nx \{\ . ev 1 . vs \\n(VVu . mk QR ' nr QS 11i+0.5v-1u+\\nyu ' if \\n(QS>\\n(QR 'if t 'sp |\\n(QSu . nf . FN \" print the footnotes . vs . rm FN . if \\n(.zfy .br\" end overflow diversion . if \\n(.zfy .di\" end overflow diversion . nr x 0 1 . ev .\} .nr N +1 .if \n(dn .fz \" leftover footnote .ie \\nN<\\nC \{\ ' if t 'sp |\\nTu ' ns ' po +3.12i \" postition of 2nd column .\} .el \{\ . rF . PN . PO . nr N 0 .\} .nr y 0-\\nb .nr QQ 11i-\\nb .ch fx .ch ff .if t .wh \\n(QQu ff .if n .wh 66 ff .wh 12i fx .ch fx \\n(QQu .if \\n(dn .fz .. .de fz \" get leftover footnote .FS \& .nf .fy .FE .. .de fx \" footnote overflow processing .if \\nx .di fy .. .de FS \" start a footnote .if \\n(.t<=1.7v .ne 2 .da FN .nr YY \\n(.lu .ev 1 .if t .ll \\n(YYu .if n .ll 70 .if \\n+x=1 .fs .fi .ie \\$1 \ \ \*([,\\n*\*(,]\c .el \ \ \*([,\\$1\*(,]\c .ps -1 .vs -1 .nr VV \\n(.v .. .de FE .br .ps +1 .vs +1 .ev .da .nr y -\\n(dn .nr QR 11i-1v-1u+\\nyu \" y is negative .ie \\n(nlu+1v<\\n(QRu .ch ff \\n(QRu .el .ch ff \\n(nlu+1v .. .de fs .br .vs \\n(VS \v'-0.4v'\s16\D'l 1.5i 0'\s0 .sp -0.4v .vs .. .de PO .if t \{\ .ie e .po 1.20i .el .po 1.20i .\} .if n .po 0 .. .de NC 'PO .if t 'll \\n(LLu .if n 'll 78 'nr N 0 .. .de 2C .br .nr LL 2.85i 'NC 'nr C 2 'mk T 'ns .. .de 1C .br .if t .nr LL 6.5i .if n .nr LL 78 .NC 'nr C 1 'mk T 'ns .. .de rF \" reset footer to nominal .nr b 1.0i+\\n(FUu \" nominal footer place .. .rF 'nr x 0 1 \" init: .nr y 0-\nb .pl 11i .nr QQ 11i+\ny .wh \n(QQu ff .wh 12i fx .ch fx \n(QQu .de hh 'rs 'if t 'sp |0.5i-\\n(FUu .PO 'ie e \{\ .ev 2 'if t 'tl \s10\f3\\*(T2\\*(A2\fP\s0 .ev '\} 'el \{\ .ev 2 'if t 'tl \s10\f3\\*(A2\\*(T2\fP\s0 .ev '\} 'if t 'sp |1i-\\n(FUu 'mk T 'ns 'nr x 0 1 \" number of footnotes .nr y 0-\\nb .nr QQ 11i+\\ny .ch ff .wh \\n(QQu ff .ch fx .wh 12i fx .ch fx \\n(QQu .. .\"------------------- .de TI .nh .rs .in 0i .nr % \\$1 .fi .nr QS \\n(.lu .ll 100i .ps 14 .vs 17 .ft 3 .ds TT \\ .. .de AA .nr DL \w\\*(TT .nr NN 1 .nr NL \\n(QSu-1i \" a nice line length for title .if \\n(NLu*\\n(NNu<\\n(DLu .nr NN +1 .if \\n(NLu*\\n(NNu<\\n(DLu .nr NN +1 .if \\n(NLu*\\n(NNu<\\n(DLu .nr NN +1 .if \\n(NLu*\\n(NNu<\\n(DLu .nr NN +1 .if \\n(NLu*\\n(NNu<\\n(DLu .nr NN +1 .nr QR (\\n(DLu/\\n(NNu)+0.75i \" +.75 cuz words don't always balance .ll \\n(QRu .di TU .ad l \\*(TT .br .di .sp |1.0i-\\n(FUu .nr NP 0 .if \\n(QSu>\\n(QRu .nr NP (\\n(QSu-\\n(QRu)/2u .po +\\n(NPu .ce 999 .TU .ce 0 .po .ll \\n(QSu .sp 0.1i .ft 1 .ps 12 .vs 14 .sp 0.5 .. .de A \" .A "Brian Author" "Affiliation" .in 0 .ie !\\$2 \{\ .ce \f1\\$1 .ce \f2\\$2 .\} .el \{\ .ce \f1\\$1\f2 .\} .. .de AB .sp 0.20i .po +0.5i .ll -1.125i .ce \f3\s12ABSTRACT\s0\f1 .sp 0.5 .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VS .ad b .fi .. .de EA .sp .if t .2C .if n .1C .hy 14 .. .de AE .EA .. .de SH .br .in 0 .di St .ft 3 .it 1 S2 .. .de SH .NH "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" .. .de S2 .br .di .sp 0.75 .ne 3 .ce .St .br .ft 1 .sp 0.5 .ns .. .de NH .br .ne 2 .in 0 .nr Ia 0 .nr Ic 0 .fi .nr L 1 .if !\\$1 .nr L \\$1\" level .if \\nL1 .ft 3 .if \\nL2 .ft 3 .if \\nL3 .ft 2 .di Nt .in 0.3i .ti 0 .it 1 N2 .. .de N2 .br .in 0 .di .if t .if \\nL1 .sp 0.75 .if t .if \\nL2 .sp 0.25 .if t .if \\nL3 .sp 0.25 .if t .if \\nL4 .sp 0.25 .if n .sp .ne 3 .if \\nL1 .ce .Nt .br .ft 1 .if t .if \\nL1 .sp 0.50 .if t .if \\nL2 .sp 0.25 .if t .if \\nL3 .sp 0.25 .if t .if \\nL4 .sp 0.25 .if n .sp .ns .. .de XP .sp 0.5 .ne 2 .in \w[3]\ \ u .ti 0 .ns .. .de I .nr PQ \\n(.f .ft 2 .if !"\\$1"" \&\\$1\\f\\n(PQ\\$2 .. .de R .ft 1 .. .de B .nr PQ \\n(.f .ft 3 .if !\\$1 \&\\$1\\f\\n(PQ\\$2 .. .de T .nr PQ \\n(.f .if !\\$1 \&\\$3\f(CW\\$1\\f\\n(PQ\\$2 .. .de Ds 'sp 0.4 'nr DY \\n(.i 'in 0.1i .if !\\$1 .in \\$1 .ft CW .nf .. .de DS .br .Ds \\$1 .. .de DE .br .De .. .de De 'sp 0.4 .in \\n(DYu .ft 1 .fi .. .de np .br .in \w\(bu\ \ u .ti -\w\(bu\ \ u \(bu\ \ \c .. .de lp .br .in 0 .. .de TS .br .ul 0 .sp 0.5 .. .de TE .sp 0.5 .. .de RT .ft 1 .ce 0 .ul 0 .if t 'll \\n(LLu .if n 'll \\n(LL .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VS .in 0 .\"bd 1 .ta 5n 10n 15n 20n 25n 30n 35n 40n 45n 50n 55n 60n 65n 70n 75n 80n .fi .. .de KF 'sp 0.4 .ev 2 .nr Zs \\n(.s .nr Zv \\n(.v .ll \\n(LLu .in 0 .. .de KE .br .ps \\n(Zs .vs \\n(Zvu .ev 'sp 0.4 .. .de UX \\$3\s-2UNIX\s0\\$1\\$2 .. .de SM .ps -2 .. . \" LG - larger .de LG .ps +2 .. .de EB .nr QQ 11i-\\nb-\\$1 .nr b +\\n(QQu .nr y 0+\\nyu-\\n(QQu .nr QQ 11i+\\ny .ch ff .wh \\n(QQu ff .ch fx .wh 12i fx .ch fx \\n(QQu .. .\"============================================== .de Zz .if \\nN=1 'ch Zz 'sp 11i .. .de Z .br .mk Qz .ev 2 .nr Qy \\n(.l .ll 6.5i .di J .in 0 .ft 1 .. .de ZZ .br .if !\\$1 \{\ . if !\\$2 .ll \\$2 . sp 0.4 . ce . ft 1 \\$1 . ft . if !\\$2 .ll .\} .di .ev .nr QQ \\n(.t-\\n(dn-10u .if \\n(QQ<0 .tm oops -- called Z too late on page \\n%! .if \\n(QQ<0 .ex .sp \\n(QQu .mk Q2 .ev 2 .in 0 .nf .J .fi .rm J .ll \\n(.lu .ev .sp |\\n(Qzu .nr QQ \\n(Q2-0.8v .EB \\n(QQu .. .\"====================================================== .de KS .\".tm KS: Not implemented yet .. .de KE .\".tm KE: Not implemented yet .. .de KF .\".tm KF: Not implemented yet .. .ds ' \h'\w'e'u*4/10'\z\(aa\h'-\w'e'u*4/10' .de BE .br .. .lt 6.5i .de T1 .ds T2 \\$1 .. .de A1 .ds A2 \\$1 .. .nr P1 1.1i \" picture width .nr P2 14u*\n(P1u/10u \" picture depth .de BB .in 0 .\".nr QQ \\n(P2+0.1i .\".ne \\n(QQu .\".rs .\".ll -\\n(P1u .\".ll -0.1i .\".po +\\n(.lu+0.1i .\".sp 0.3 .\" .\".sp -0.8 .\"\!H\\n(.o .\".mk QQ .\"\!V\\n(QQ .\"\!DZ \\n(P1 \\n(P2 .\".ie \\$1 .tm Picture not yet inserted for .BB .\".el \!P \\$1 .\".sp -0.3 .\".po .\".sp -1 .\".if \\$1 \{\ .\"\h'0.1i'\h'\\n(.lu'\D'l \\n(P1u 0'\D'l 0 \\n(P2u'\D'l -\\n(P1u 0'\D'l 0 -\\n(P2u' .\".sp -1 .\".\} .\".sp 0.8 .\".mk QQ .\".nr QQ +\\n(P2u .\".wh \\n(QQu Bb .\"===== .\" ::: .sp 1 .\" ::: .ne 2 .if \\n(SB=0 \{\ .NH 1 Author Information .\} .nr SB 1 .PP .. .de Bb 'ch Bb 'll +\\n(P1u 'll +0.1i .. .de GS .br .. .de GE .. .nr SL 0.3 .nr LI 0.28i .de BL \" begin list .br .sp \\n(SL .in +\\n(LIu .ll -0.1i .if \\n(Ld \{\ . ds Z\\n(Ld \\*(LT . af LN 1 . nr N\\n(Ld \\n(LN . ds C\\n(Ld \\*(LC .\} .nr Ld +1 .ds LT \\$1\" LT is the List Type: 1, a, or a bulletchar .if \\$1 .if '\\n(Ld'1'.ds LT \(bu .if \\$1 .if '\\n(Ld'2'.ds LT \(ci .if \\$1 .if '\\n(Ld'3'.ds LT \(sq .if '\\*(LT'1' .af LN \\$1 .if '\\*(LT'i' .af LN \\$1 .if '\\*(LT'I' .af LN \\$1 .if '\\*(LT'a' .af LN \\$1 .if '\\*(LT'A' .af LN \\$1 .nr LN 0 \" LN is the list element number .ds LC\\$2 .\" LC is the optional bullet trailer... .. .de LE \" list element .br .ie '\\$1'' .nr LN +1 .el \{\ . nr LN 0 . nr LN \\$1 .\} .ds LX \\*(LT\\*(LC .if \\*(LT1 .ds LX \\n(LN\\*(LC .if \\*(LTa .ds LX \\n(LN\\*(LC .if \\*(LTA .ds LX \\n(LN\\*(LC .if \\*(LTi .ds LX \\n(LN\\*(LC .if \\*(LTI .ds LX \\n(LN\\*(LC .if \\n(LN=0 \{\ . if !'\\$1'' .ds LX \\$1\\*(LC .\} .nr QQ 3u*\w' 'u/2u .ti -\\w'\\*(LX\h'\\n(QQu''u \\*(LX\h'\\n(QQu'\c .. .de EL \" end list .br .nr Ld -1 .if \\n(Ld>=0 \{\ . ds LT \\*(Z\\n(Ld . nr LN \\n(N\\n(Ld . ds LC \\*(C\\n(Ld .if '\\*(LT'1' .af LN \\*(LT .if '\\*(LT'i' .af LN \\*(LT .if '\\*(LT'I' .af LN \\*(LT .if '\\*(LT'a' .af LN \\*(LT .if '\\*(LT'A' .af LN \\*(LT . \} .in -\\n(LIu .ll +0.1i .. .de F1 .in 0 \v'-0.4'\D'l \\n(.lu 0' .sp -0.7 .in .. .de F2 .mk QQ .if !'\\nT'\\n(QQ' \{\ .in 0 \v'-0.4'\D'l \\n(.lu 0' .sp -0.4 .in .\} .. .de EM .br .if o \{\ .ds A2 .ds T2 .rs .bp .ch ff .ch fx .PO .rs .sp |10.4i-\\n(FUu .mk QQ 'ie e \{\ . ev 2 .if t 'tl \s10\f3%\\*(CC\fP\s0 . ev ' \} 'el \{\ . ev 2 .if t 'tl \s10\f3\\*(CC%\fP\s0 . ev ' \} .\} .. .de RF .sp 0.1 .in 0.3i .ie !\\$1 \{\ .nr QQ \w'\\$1\ ' .ti -\\n(QQu \\$1\ \c .\} .el .ti 0 .. .de RZ .sp 0.1 .in 0.3i .nr QQ \w'\\$1\ ' .ti -\\n(QQu \\$1\ \c .. .de zz .tm note: .zz is not implemented. .ex .nr Z1 \\$1 .nr Z2 \\$2 .if \\n(.t<\\n(Z2 .tm note that figure ``\\$3'' does not fit at column bottom ------------------------ on page \\n% .ie '\\n(.z'' \{\ .sp 0.2 .ne \\n(Z2u \\!H\\n(.o .mk QQ .nr QQ +0.25v \\!V\\n(QQ \\!DZ \\n(Z1 \\n(Z2 \\!P \\$3 .rs .sp \\n(Z2u .sp 0.2 .\} .el \{\ .sp 0.2 \\!.z3 \\n(Z1 \\n(Z2 "\\$3" \\n(.o .sp \\n(Z2u .sp 0.2 .\} .. .de z2 .nr Z1 \\$1 .nr Z2 \\$2 .sp 0.2 .ne \\n(Z2u .nr QQ (\\n(.lu-\\$1)/2u .sp \\n(Z2u .vs 0 .po +\\n(QQu \X'ps: import \\$3 0 0 1 1 \\n(Z1 \\n(Z2' .br .po -\\n(QQu .vs .rs .sp 0.2 .. .de sz .vs \\$1 .ps \\$1 .. .de M \f2\\$1\f1\|(\\$2)\\$3 .. .de B1 .br .mk Bz .. .de B2 .br .mk By .nr D \\n(Byu-\\n(Bzu .nr L \\n(.lu+0.2i-\\n(.iu \h'-0.1i'\v'-0.7v'\D'l \\nLu 0'\D'l 0 -\\nDu'\D'l -\\nLu 0'\D'l 0 \\nDu' .sp -1 .. .de [] .][ \\$1 .. .de ][ .if \\$1>5 .tm Bad arg to [] .[\\$1 .. .de [5 \" tm style .FS \\*([A, \\f2\\*([T\\f1, .ie \\n(TN \\*([M. .el Bell Laboratories internal memorandum (\\*([D). .RT .FE .. .de [0 \" other .FS .nr [: 0 .if !\\*([F .FP \\*([F .if !\\*([Q \{\ .nr [: 1 \\*([Q\c .\} .if !\\*([A \{\ .nr [: 1 \\*([A\c .\} .if !\\*([T \{\ .if \\n([:>0 , .nr [: 1 \f2\\*([T\f1\c .\} .if !\\*([S , \\*([S\c .if !\\*([V , \\*([V\c .if !\\*([P \{\ .ie \\n([P>0 , pp. \\*([P\c .el , p. \\*([P\c .\} .if !\\*([C , \\*([C\c .if !\\*([D , \\*([D\c .if \\n([:>0 \&. .if !\\*([O \\*([O .FE .. .de [1 .FS .if !\\*([F .FP \\*([F .if !\\*([Q \\*([Q, .if !\\*([A \\*([A, .if !\\*([T \\*([o\\*([T,\\*([c \f2\\*([J\f1\c .if !\\*([V , vol. \\*([V\c .if !\\*([N , no. \\*([N\c .if !\\*([P \{\ .ie \\n([P>0 , pp. \\*([P\c .el , p. \\*([P\c .\} .if !\\*([I , \\*([I\c .if !\\*([C , \\*([C\c .if !\\*([D , \\*([D\c \&. .if !\\*([O \\*([O .FE .. .de [2 \" book .FS .if !\\*([F .FP \\*([F .if !\\*([Q \\*([Q, .if !\\*([A \\*([A, .if !\\*([T \f2\\*([T,\f1 .if !\\*([S \\*([S, .if !\\*([V \\*([V, .if !\\*([P \{\ .ie \\n([P>0 pp. \\*([P, .el p. \\*([P, .\} \\*([I\c .if !\\*([C , \\*([C\c .if !\\*([D , \\*([D\c \&. .if !\\*([O \\*([O .FE .. .de [4 \" report .FS .if !\\*([F .FP \\*([F .if !\\*([Q \\*([Q, .if !\\*([A \\*([A, .if !\\*([T \\*([o\\*([T,\\*([c .if !\\*([R \\*([R\c .if !\\*([G \& (\\*([G)\c .if !\\*([P \{\ .ie \\n([P>0 , pp. \\*([P\c .el , p. \\*([P\c .\} .if !\\*([I , \\*([I\c .if !\\*([C , \\*([C\c .if !\\*([D , \\*([D\c \&. .if !\\*([O \\*([O .FE .. .de [3 \" article in book .FS .if !\\*([F .FP \\*([F .if !\\*([Q \\*([Q, .if !\\*([A \\*([A, .if !\\*([T \\*([o\\*([T,\\*([c in \f2\\*([B\f1\c .if !\\*([E , ed. \\*([E\c .if !\\*([S , \\*([S\c .if !\\*([V , vol. \\*([V\c .if !\\*([P \{\ .ie \\n([P>0 , pp. \\*([P\c .el , p. \\*([P\c .\} .if !\\*([I , \\*([I\c .if !\\*([C , \\*([C\c .if !\\*([D , \\*([D\c \&. .if !\\*([O \\*([O .FE .. .de [< .]> .. .de ]< .SH References .LP .de FP .\".IP \\\\$1. .RZ \\\\$1. \\.. .rm FS FE .. .de [> .]> .. .de ]> .sp .. .de [- .]- .. .de ]- .rm [Q [A [T [J [B [E [S [V .rm [N [P [I [C [D [O [R [G .. .de FG .ds QQ \fB\\$1\\fP: \\$2 .ie \w\\*(QQ>\\n(.l \{\ .in +0.25i .ti 0 \\*(QQ .in 0 .\} .el \{\ .ce \\*(QQ .\} .. .1C