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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1986, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)1.t 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 .\" .\".ds RH Introduction .br .ne 2i .NH \s+2Introduction\s0 .PP This report describes the internal structure of facilities added to the 4.2BSD version of the UNIX operating system for the VAX, as modified in the 4.4BSD release. The system facilities provide a uniform user interface to networking within UNIX. In addition, the implementation introduces a structure for network communications which may be used by system implementors in adding new networking facilities. The internal structure is not visible to the user, rather it is intended to aid implementors of communication protocols and network services by providing a framework which promotes code sharing and minimizes implementation effort. .PP The reader is expected to be familiar with the C programming language and system interface, as described in the \fIBerkeley Software Architecture Manual, 4.4BSD Edition\fP [Joy86]. Basic understanding of network communication concepts is assumed; where required any additional ideas are introduced. .PP The remainder of this document provides a description of the system internals, avoiding, when possible, those portions which are utilized only by the interprocess communication facilities.