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.\" Copyright (c) 2000
.\"	Mike W. Meyer
.\"
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" $FreeBSD: release/9.1.0/share/man/man7/build.7 238080 2012-07-03 16:49:38Z wblock $
.\"
.Dd July 2, 2012
.Dt BUILD 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm build
.Nd information on how to build the system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The sources for the
.Fx
system and its applications are contained in three different directories,
normally
.Pa /usr/src ,
.Pa /usr/doc ,
and
.Pa /usr/ports .
These directories may be initially empty or non-existent until updated with
.Xr csup 1 ,
.Xr svn 1 ,
or
.Xr portsnap 8 .
Directory
.Pa /usr/src
contains the
.Dq "base system"
sources, which is loosely defined as the things required to rebuild
the system to a useful state.
Directory
.Pa /usr/doc
contains the source for the system documentation, excluding the manual
pages.
Directory
.Pa /usr/ports
contains a tree that provides a consistent interface for building and
installing third party applications.
For more information about the ports build process, see
.Xr ports 7 .
.Pp
The
.Xr make 1
command is used in each of these directories to build and install the
things in that directory.
Issuing the
.Xr make 1
command in any directory or
subdirectory of those directories has the same effect as issuing the
same command in all subdirectories of that directory.
With no target specified, the things in that directory are just built.
.Pp
A source tree is allowed to be read-only.
As described in
.Xr make 1 ,
objects are usually built in a separate object directory hierarchy
specified by the environment variable
.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
or under
.Pa /usr/obj
if variable
.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
is not set.
For a given source directory, its canonical object directory
would be
.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
if
.Xr make 1
variable
.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
is set, or
.Pa /usr/obj${.CURDIR}
if this variable is not set.
Cross-builds set the object directory as described in the
documentation for the
.Cm buildworld
target below.
.Pp
The build may be controlled by defining
.Xr make 1
variables described in the
.Sx ENVIRONMENT
section below, and by the variables documented in
.Xr make.conf 5 .
.Pp
The following list provides the names and actions for the targets
supported by the build system:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm cleandepend"
.It Cm clean
Remove any files created during the build process.
.It Cm cleandepend
Remove the file
.Pa ${.OBJDIR}/${DEPENDFILE}
generated by a prior
.Dq Li "make depend"
step.
.It Cm cleandir
Remove the canonical object directory if it exists, or perform
actions equivalent to
.Dq Li "make clean cleandepend"
if it does not.
This target will also remove an
.Pa obj
link in
.Pa ${.CURDIR}
if that exists.
.Pp
It is advisable to run
.Dq Li "make cleandir"
twice: the first invocation will remove the canonical object directory
and the second one will clean up
.Pa ${.CURDIR} .
.It Cm depend
Generate a list of build dependencies in file
.Pa ${.OBJDIR}/${DEPENDFILE} .
.It Cm install
Install the results of the build to the appropriate location in the
installation directory hierarchy specified in variable
.Va DESTDIR .
.It Cm obj
Create the canonical object directory associated with the current
directory.
.It Cm objlink
Create a symbolic link to the canonical object directory in
.Pa ${.CURDIR} .
.It Cm tags
Generate a tags file using the program specified in the
.Xr make 1
variable
.Va CTAGS .
The build system supports
.Xr ctags 1
and
.Nm "GNU Global" .
.El
.Pp
The other supported targets under directory
.Pa /usr/src
are:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm distributeworld"
.It Cm buildenv
Spawn an interactive shell with environment variables set up for
cross-building the system.
The target architecture needs to be specified with
.Xr make 1
variables
.Va TARGET_ARCH
and
.Va TARGET .
.Pp
This target is only useful after a complete cross-toolchain including
the compiler, linker, assembler, headers and libraries has been
built; see the
.Cm toolchain
target below.
.It Cm buildworld
Build everything but the kernel, configure files in
.Pa etc ,
and
.Pa release .
The actual build location prefix used is
.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
for native builds, and
.Pa ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}/${TARGET}${.CURDIR}
for cross builds and native builds with variable
.Va CROSS_BUILD_TESTING
set.
.It Cm cleanworld
Attempt to clean up targets built by a preceding
.Cm buildworld
step.
.It Cm distributeworld
Distribute everything compiled by a preceding
.Cm buildworld
step.
Files are placed in the directory hierarchy specified by
.Xr make 1
variable
.Va DISTDIR .
This target is used while building a release; see
.Xr release 7 .
.It Cm packageworld
Archive the results of
.Cm distributeworld ,
placing the results in
.Va DISTDIR .
This target is used while building a release; see
.Xr release 7 .
.It Cm installworld
Install everything built by a preceding
.Cm buildworld
step into the directory hierarchy pointed to by
.Xr make 1
variable
.Va DESTDIR .
.Pp
If installing onto an NFS file system and running
.Xr make 1
with the
.Fl j
option, make sure that
.Xr rpc.lockd 8
is running on both client and server.
See
.Xr rc.conf 5
on how to make it start at boot time.
.It Cm toolchain
Create the build toolchain needed to build the rest of the system.
For cross-architecture builds, this step creates a cross-toolchain.
.It Cm universe
For each architecture,
execute a
.Cm buildworld
followed by a
.Cm buildkernel
for all kernels for that architecture,
including
.Pa LINT .
This command takes a long time.
.It Cm update
Get updated sources as configured in
.Xr make.conf 5 .
.It Cm targets
Print a list of supported
.Va TARGET
/
.Va TARGET_ARCH
pairs for world and kernel targets.
.It Cm tinderbox
Execute the same targets as
.Cm universe .
In addition print a summary of all failed targets at the end and
exit with an error if there were any.
.It Cm toolchains
Create a build toolchain for each architecture supported by the build system.
.El
.Pp
Kernel specific build targets in
.Pa /usr/src
are:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm distributekernel"
.It Cm buildkernel
Rebuild the kernel and the kernel modules.
.It Cm installkernel
Install the kernel and the kernel modules to directory
.Pa ${DESTDIR}/boot/kernel ,
renaming any pre-existing directory with this name to
.Pa kernel.old
if it contained the currently running kernel.
The target directory under
.Pa ${DESTDIR}
may be modified using the
.Va INSTKERNNAME
and
.Va KODIR
.Xr make 1
variables.
.It Cm distributekernel
Install the kernel to the directory
.Pa ${DISTDIR}/kernel/boot/kernel .
This target is used while building a release; see
.Xr release 7 .
.It Cm packagekernel
Archive the results of
.Cm distributekernel ,
placing the results in
.Va DISTDIR .
This target is used while building a release; see
.Xr release 7 .
.It Cm kernel
Equivalent to
.Cm buildkernel
followed by
.Cm installkernel
.It Cm kernel-toolchain
Rebuild the tools needed for kernel compilation.
Use this if you did not do a
.Cm buildworld
first.
.It Cm reinstallkernel
Reinstall the kernel and the kernel modules, overwriting the contents
of the target directory.
As with the
.Cm installkernel
target, the target directory can be specified using the
.Xr make 1
variable
.Va INSTKERNNAME .
.El
.Pp
Convenience targets for cleaning up the install destination directory
denoted by variable
.Va DESTDIR
include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm delete-old-libs"
.It Cm check-old
Print a list of old files and directories in the system.
.It Cm delete-old
Delete obsolete base system files and directories interactively.
When
.Li -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES
is specified at the command line, the delete operation will be
non-interactive.
The variables
.Va DESTDIR ,
.Va TARGET_ARCH
and
.Va TARGET
should be set as with
.Dq Li "make installworld" .
.It Cm delete-old-libs
Delete obsolete base system libraries interactively.
This target should only be used if no 3rd party software uses these
libraries.
When
.Li -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES
is specified at the command line, the delete operation will be
non-interactive.
The variables
.Va DESTDIR ,
.Va TARGET_ARCH
and
.Va TARGET
should be set as with
.Dq Li "make installworld" .
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
Variables that influence all builds include:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX"
.It Va DEBUG_FLAGS
Defines a set of debugging flags that will be used to build all userland
binaries under
.Pa /usr/src .
When
.Va DEBUG_FLAGS
is defined, the
.Cm install
and
.Cm installworld
targets install binaries from the current
.Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
without stripping,
so that debugging information is retained in the installed binaries.
.It Va DESTDIR
The directory hierarchy prefix where built objects will be installed.
If not set,
.Va DESTDIR
defaults to the empty string.
.It Va MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
Defines the prefix for directory names in the tree of built objects.
Defaults to
.Pa /usr/obj
if not defined.
This variable should only be set in the environment and not via
.Pa /etc/make.conf
or the command line.
.It Va NO_WERROR
If defined, compiler warnings will not cause the build to halt,
even if the makefile says otherwise.
.It Va WITH_CTF
If defined, the build process will run the DTrace CTF conversion
tools on built objects.
Please note that this WITH_ option is handled differently than all
other WITH_ options (there is no
.Va WITHOUT_CTF ,
or corresponding
.Va MK_CTF
in the build system).
.El
.Pp
Additionally, builds in
.Pa /usr/src
are influenced by the following
.Xr make 1
variables:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va SUBDIR_OVERRIDE"
.It Va KERNCONF
Overrides which kernel to build and install for the various kernel
make targets.
It defaults to
.Cm GENERIC .
.It Va KERNFAST
If set, the build target
.Cm buildkernel
defaults to setting
.Va NO_KERNELCLEAN ,
.Va NO_KERNELCONFIG ,
.Va NO_KERNELDEPEND
and
.Va NO_KERNELOBJ .
When set to a value other than
.Cm 1
then
.Va KERNCONF
is set to the value of
.Va KERNFAST .
.It Va LOCAL_DIRS
If set, this variable supplies a list of additional directories to
build, relative to the root of the source tree.
.It Va PORTS_MODULES
A list of ports with kernel modules that should be built and installed
as part of the
.Cm buildkernel
and
.Cm installkernel
process.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
make PORTS_MODULES=emulators/kqemu-kmod kernel
.Ed
.It Va SUBDIR_OVERRIDE
Override the default list of sub-directories and only build the
sub-directory named in this variable.
This variable is useful when debugging failed builds.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
make some-target SUBDIR_OVERRIDE=foo/bar
.Ed
.It Va TARGET
The target hardware platform.
This is analogous to the
.Dq Nm uname Fl m
output.
This is necessary to cross-build some target architectures.
For example, cross-building for PC98 machines requires
.Va TARGET_ARCH Ns = Ns Li i386
and
.Va TARGET Ns = Ns Li pc98 .
If not set,
.Va TARGET
defaults to the current hardware platform.
.It Va TARGET_ARCH
The target machine processor architecture.
This is analogous to the
.Dq Nm uname Fl p
output.
Set this to cross-build for a different architecture.
If not set,
.Va TARGET_ARCH
defaults to the current machine architecture, unless
.Va TARGET
is also set, in which case it defaults to the appropriate
value for that platform.
Typically, one only needs to set
.Va TARGET .
.El
.Pp
Builds under directory
.Pa /usr/src
are also influenced by defining one or more of the following symbols,
using the
.Fl D
option of
.Xr make 1 :
.Bl -tag -width ".Va -DNO_KERNELDEPEND"
.It Va NO_CLEANDIR
If set, the build targets that clean parts of the object tree use the
equivalent of
.Dq make clean
instead of
.Dq make cleandir .
.It Va NO_CLEAN
If set, no object tree files are cleaned at all.
Setting
.Va NO_CLEAN
implies
.Va NO_KERNELCLEAN ,
so when
.Va NO_CLEAN
is set no kernel objects are cleaned either.
.It Va NO_CTF
If set, the build process does not run the DTrace CTF conversion tools
on built objects.
.It Va NO_SHARE
If set, the build does not descend into the
.Pa /usr/src/share
subdirectory (i.e., manpages, locale data files, timezone data files and
other
.Pa /usr/src/share
files will not be rebuild from their sources).
.It Va NO_KERNELCLEAN
If set, the build process does not run
.Dq make clean
as part of the
.Cm buildkernel
target.
.It Va NO_KERNELCONFIG
If set, the build process does not run
.Xr config 8
as part of the
.Cm buildkernel
target.
.It Va NO_KERNELDEPEND
If set, the build process does not run
.Dq make depend
as part of the
.Cm buildkernel
target.
.It Va NO_KERNELOBJ
If set, the build process does not run
.Dq make obj
as part of the
.Cm buildkernel
target.
.It Va NO_DOCUPDATE
If set, the update process does not update the source of the
.Fx
documentation as part of the
.Dq make update
target.
.It Va NO_PORTSUPDATE
If set, the update process does not update the Ports tree as part of the
.Dq make update
target.
.It Va NO_WWWUPDATE
If set, the update process does not update the www tree as part of the
.Dq make update
target.
.El
.Pp
Builds under directory
.Pa /usr/doc
are influenced by the following
.Xr make 1
variables:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va DOC_LANG"
.It Va DOC_LANG
If set, restricts the documentation build to the language subdirectories
specified as its content.
The default action is to build documentation for all languages.
.El
.Pp
Builds using the
.Cm universe
target are influenced by the following
.Xr make 1
variables:
.Bl -tag -width ".Va MAKE_JUST_KERNELS"
.It Va JFLAG
Pass the value of this variable to each
.Xr make 1
invocation used to build worlds and kernels.
This can be used to enable multiple jobs within a single architecture's build
while still building each architecture serially.
.It Va MAKE_JUST_KERNELS
Only build kernels for each supported architecture.
.It Va MAKE_JUST_WORLDS
Only build worlds for each supported architecture.
.It Va UNIVERSE_TARGET
Execute the specified
.Xr make 1
target for each supported architecture instead of the default action of
building a world and one or more kernels.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf" -compact
.It Pa /usr/doc/Makefile
.It Pa /usr/doc/share/mk/doc.project.mk
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.sites.mk
.It Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf
.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile
.It Pa /usr/src/Makefile.inc1
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
For an
.Dq approved
method of updating your system from the latest sources, please see the
.Sx COMMON ITEMS
section in
.Pa src/UPDATING .
.Pp
The following sequence of commands can be used to cross-build the
system for the sparc64 architecture on an i386 host:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
cd /usr/src
make TARGET=sparc64 buildworld
make TARGET=sparc64 DESTDIR=/clients/sparc64 installworld
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cc 1 ,
.Xr csup 1 ,
.Xr install 1 ,
.Xr make 1 ,
.Xr svn 1 ,
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
.Xr src.conf 5 ,
.Xr ports 7 ,
.Xr release 7 ,
.Xr config 8 ,
.Xr mergemaster 8 ,
.Xr portsnap 8 ,
.Xr reboot 8 ,
.Xr shutdown 8
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Mike W. Meyer Aq mwm@mired.org .